Kev sib tham yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg. Cov kws sau ntawv siv zog ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib tham sau hauv phau ntawv dab neeg, phau ntawv, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab yeeb yaj kiab suab zoo nkauj thiab muaj tseeb zoo li lub neej tiag. Cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau siv kev sib tham los qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv hauv txoj kev nyiam thiab kev xav. Sau kev sib tham nkag siab koj cov cim, ua kom yooj yim thiab ncaj ncees, thiab nyeem nws nrov nrov kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj suab tiag.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Tshawb Nrhiav Koj Kev Sib Tham
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib qhov kev sib tham tiag
Mloog txoj kev uas tib neeg tham rau ib leeg thiab siv cov kev sib tham no los ua kom koj cov kab suab zoo. Koj yuav pom tias tib neeg hais lus sib txawv rau tib neeg sib txawv, yog li ua kom koj ua li ntawd thaum sau kev sib tham.
Tshem tawm ntu ntawm kev sib tham uas tsis haum rau kev sau ntawv. Piv txwv li, txhua lo lus "nyob zoo" thiab "goodbye" tsis tas yuav tsum tau sau. Qee qhov ntawm koj qhov kev sib tham yuav pib nruab nrab ntawm kev sib tham
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem kev sib tham zoo
Txhawm kom sib npaug qhov kev sib tham tiag tiag thiab cov ntawv xav tau hauv koj kev sib tham, koj yuav tsum nyeem kev sib tham zoo los ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab tsos. Nyeem cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau, thiab pom qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd sim txiav txim siab tias vim li cas nws tsis zoo.
- Qee tus kws sau ntawv uas nws tham koj yuav tsum nyeem yog Douglas Adams, Toni Morrison, thiab Judy Blume (cov no tsuas yog ob peb; muaj ntau!). Lawv qhov kev sib tham zoo li yog qhov tseeb, txheej, thiab meej.
- Nyeem thiab xyaum sib tham sau rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab xov tooj cua ua yeeb yaj kiab yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho kev sib tham vim tias lawv ob leeg nyob ntawm kev sib tham. Douglas Adams, yog ib tus kws sau ntawv tau hais los saum no, pib nws txoj haujlwm sau xov tooj cua ua yeeb yaj kiab vim nws muaj kev sib tham zoo heev.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim koj tus cwj pwm kom siab tshaj plaws
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab koj tus cwj pwm ua ntej koj tuaj yeem coj lawv los tham. Koj yuav tsum paub yog tias lawv nyob ntsiag to lossis tsis meej pem, lossis yog lawv nyiam siv ntau cov lus zoo los ua rau lwm tus nyiam, thiab lwm yam.
- Tej yam xws li hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, qib kev kawm, thaj chaw keeb kwm, lub suab nrov, yuav ua qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev uas tus neeg hais lus. Piv txwv li, tus ntxhais hluas Asmeskas tsis zoo yuav hais lus sib txawv rau tus qub hluas nraug Askiv uas muaj nyiaj ntau.
- Muab txhua tus ua cim lub suab sib txawv. Tsis yog txhua tus ntawm koj tus cim yuav siv tib lo lus, lub suab, lossis txoj kev hais lus. Xyuas kom txhua tus cim suab txawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Zam kev sib tham nyuaj
Kev sib tham nruj yuav tsis rhuav zaj dab neeg, tab sis nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus nyeem ntawv, uas tsis muaj tus kws sau ntawv xav ua. Qee zaum kev sib tham nyuaj tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis tsuas yog hauv qee cov dab neeg.
- Kev sib tham nruj yog ib qho uas tsuas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov pom tseeb thiab hauv hom lus uas tsis muaj leej twg siv. Piv txwv li: "Nyob zoo, Jane, koj zoo siab hnub no," Charles hais. "Yog lawm, Charles, hnub no kuv tu siab. Koj puas xav paub vim li cas?" "Tseeb, Jane, Kuv xav paub yog vim li cas hnub no koj tu siab." "Kuv tu siab tias kuv tus dev mob thiab nws ua rau kuv nco txog kuv txiv txoj kev tuag tsis paub meej ob xyoos dhau los."
- Kev sib tham saum toj no yuav tsum tau sau zoo li no: "Jane, muaj dab tsi?" Nug Charles. Jane tshee hnyo, ntsia ib yam dab tsi sab nraum lub qhov rais. "Kuv tus dev mob. Lawv tsis paub tias nws yog dab tsi." "Qhov ntawd yog xov xwm tsis zoo, tab sis, Jane … zoo, nws laus lawm. Tej zaum nws txog lub sijhawm." Nws txhais tes tuav lub qhov rais. "Nws tsuas yog, nws tsuas yog, koj puas xav tias tus kws kho mob yuav pom?" "Koj txhais li cas tus kws kho tsiaj?" Charles frowned. "Yog. Xijpeem."
- Qhov kev sib tham zaum thib ob zoo dua vim tias nws tsis tsuas yog qhia tias Jane tab tom xav txog nws txiv tuag, tab sis nws sim txhais nws, tshwj xeeb yog siv lo lus "kws kho mob" hloov "vet". Cov dej ntws zoo.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv kev sib tham nruj yog Tswv ntawm Rings. Kev sib tham tsis yog ib txwm quab yuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog cov hobbits tham, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nkauj thiab hais lus zoo (thiab tsis muaj tseeb). Tsuas yog vim li cas qhov kev sib tham no tau siv zoo (thiab ntau tus neeg tsis pom zoo tias nws tau siv nrog zoo!) yog vim zaj dab neeg muaj cov dab neeg qub zoo li Beowulf lossis The Mabinogion.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Kev Sib Tham Sau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Khaws koj cov lus sib tham yooj yim
Siv "nws tau hais" lossis "teb" tsis txhob siv cov lus hnyav xws li "tawm tsam" lossis "hais tawm." Koj tsis xav cais ib tus cwj pwm kev sib tham los ntawm lwm tus nrog cov lus txawv. "lo lus _" yog ib ntawm cov lus uas yuav tsis thab tus nyeem ntawv.
Qee qhov, cov lus "lo lus _" thiab "lus teb _" lossis "lus teb _" yuav raug cais yog tias tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv "txiav _" lossis "qw _" lossis "ntxhi _" tab sis tsuas yog tias kev siv haum rau zaj dab neeg thiab qee yam
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau txais cov dab neeg ntws los siv koj qhov kev sib tham
Koj qhov kev sib tham yuav tsum qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv txog zaj dab neeg lossis cov cim. Kev sib tham yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los ua pov thawj kev txhim kho tus cwj pwm lossis cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus yam ntxwv uas tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsis paub.
- Tsis txhob tham me me, txawm tias nws yog qee yam uas tau ua tiav hauv kev sib tham tiag. Kev tham me me tau ua tiav los tsim kev nruj. Piv txwv li, ib tus ua cim xav tau qee yam ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm tus ua cim, tab sis tus cim thib ob yuam kom nws tham me me, tso tus neeg nyeem ntawv thiab koj tus xeeb ceem xav paub tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej.
- Txhua qhov koj tham yuav tsum muaj lub hom phiaj. Thaum koj sau kev sib tham, nug koj tus kheej, "Dab tsi yog siv cov kev sib tham hauv zaj dab neeg no?" "Kuv tab tom sim qhia dab tsi rau tus nyeem ntawv txog cov cim lossis zaj dab neeg?" Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem teb lo lus nug no, muab pov tseg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dhau hauv koj qhov kev sib tham
Qhov no yog ib txwm nyiam rau ntau tus neeg. Koj xav tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv dua li los ntawm cov cim sib tham nws ntev. Tos! Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm yav dhau yuav tsum tau ntxiv me ntsis los ntawm qhov me me thoob plaws hauv zaj dab neeg.
- Piv txwv ntawm qhov ua thiab tsis ua: Jane tig mus rau Charles thiab hais tias, "Huag Charles, nco qab thaum kuv txiv tuag tsis paub meej thiab kuv tsev neeg tau raug ncaws tawm ntawm lub tsev los ntawm Agatha tus phauj lim hiam?" "Kuv nco qab, Jane tsev kawm ntawv los pab koj tsev neeg.”
- Qhov zoo dua ntawm zaj dab neeg saum toj no mus rau qee yam zoo li no: Jane tig mus rau Charles, nws daim di ncauj ua paug. "Kuv hnov los ntawm phauj Agatha hnub no." Charles xav tsis thoob. "Tab sis nws yog tus uas ncaws koj tawm ntawm koj tsev neeg lub tsev. Nws xav tau dab tsi?" "Leej twg paub, tab sis nws pib qhia tswv yim txog txiv tuag lawm." "Tsis paub?" Charles tsa qhov muag. "Nws zoo li xav tias txiv tuag tsis zoo li qub."
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov ntawv sau
Kev sib tham, tshwj xeeb hauv cov dab neeg, muaj teeb meem ntau txheej. Feem ntau ntau dua ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim, yog li koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj muab cov ntawv me me rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.
- Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los hais ib yam. Yog li yog tias koj xav kom tus ua cim hais tias "Kuv xav tau koj," ua tus yam ntxwv hais tias, "yam tsis tau hais tiag." Piv txwv li: Charles pib nws lub tsheb. Jane muab nws txhais tes rau ntawm nws txhais tes; Nws tom nws daim di ncauj. "Charles, kuv … koj puas yuav tsum tawm tam sim?" Jane nug, rub nws txhais tes tam sim ntawd. "Peb tseem tsis paub tias peb yuav tsum ua dab tsi."
- Tsis txhob ua rau koj tus yam ntxwv hais txhua yam uas nws xav lossis xav. Qhov no yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dhau thiab tsis muaj kev nruj lossis lwm yam nuances.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sib tshuam koj cov lus sib tham
Koj xav kom koj qhov kev sib tham los nthuav thiab ua rau tus nyeem ntawv xav txuas ntxiv zaj dab neeg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias hla dhau keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tham, zoo li cov neeg ntawm lub tsheb npav nres tham txog huab cua, thiab pib nkag mus sib tham tsis sib xws, zoo li Jane kev sib cav nrog nws tus phauj ntxeev siab Agatha.
- Koom nrog koj tus cwj pwm hauv kev sib cav lossis ua rau lawv hais tej yam tsis txaus ntseeg, tsuav yog cov no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm koj tus xeeb ceem. Kev sib tham yuav tsum yog qhov nthuav. Yog tias txhua tus cim pom zoo lossis tsuas yog ua cov lus nug thiab lus teb, kev sib tham yuav tsis txaus ntseeg.
- Sib cuam tshuam koj qhov kev sib tham nrog kev nqis tes ua. Thaum koj cov cim sib tham, lawv ua si nrog yam, luag, ntxuav tais diav, taug kev ntau dua, thiab ntau dua. Ntxiv cov no hauv kev sib tham yuav ua rau nws muaj tiag dua.
- Piv txwv li: "Tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo zoo li koj txiv yuav tsis mob thiab tuag yooj yim," Tus phauj Agatha hais nrog luag. Jane tuav nws txoj kev xav rov qab, teb "Qee lub sij hawm tib neeg muaj mob." "Thiab qee zaum nws tau txais kev pab me ntsis los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg." Tus phauj Agatha zoo li khav tias Jane xav tuav nws hauv xov tooj thiab ntaus nws ntawm caj dab. "Yog tias ib tus neeg tua nws, Phauj Agatha, koj puas paub leej twg ua nws?" "" Auj, Kuv muaj qee qhov kev kwv yees, tab sis cia koj txiav txim siab."
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txheeb Dialog
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem koj cov lus sib tham nrov nrov
Qhov no yuav muab sijhawm rau koj kom hnov koj tus kheej kev sib tham. Koj tuaj yeem hloov nws raws qhov koj hnov thiab koj nyeem dab tsi. Muab nws me ntsis sijhawm tom qab koj tau sau cov kev sib tham ua ntej nyeem nws, txwv tsis pub koj lub hlwb yuav muaj cov khoom koj xav qhia ntau dua li qhov tseeb hauv koj qhov kev sib tham.
Nug tus phooj ywg uas ntseeg siab lossis tus neeg hauv tsev nyeem koj cov kab. Ib khub tshiab ntawm qhov muag tuaj yeem qhia yog tias koj cov kab suab zoo nkauj lossis xav tau kev txhim kho
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb koj qhov kev sib tham kom zoo
Tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam ntau rau tus nyeem ntawv (suav nrog thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshaj tawm thiab tus sawv cev) tshaj li kev siv cov cim yuam kev, tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib tham.
- Yuav tsum muaj tus lej tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib tham thiab kaw cov lus hais tawm. Piv txwv li: "Nyob zoo. Kuv yog Jane," Jane hais.
- Yog tias koj ntxiv qhov kev nqis tes ua hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj qhov kev sib tham, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav los yog tsis nqis peev thib ob ntawm kev sib tham. Piv txwv: "Kuv tsis ntseeg tias nws tua kuv txiv," Jane hais, nws lub qhov muag zoo nrog kua muag. "Nws tsis zoo li nws." Lossis "Kuv tsis ntseeg tias nws tua kuv txiv," Jane hais, nws lub qhov muag zoo nrog kua muag, "vim nws tsis zoo li nws."
- Yog tias tsis muaj lus, tsuas yog ua, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm thiab tsis yog tus lej hauv cov lus hais kaw. Piv txwv li: "Nyob zoo, Phauj Agatha." Jane slammed lub xov tooj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshem cov lus lossis kab lus uas tsis tsim nyog
Qee zaum, kev sib tham tsawg dua yog qhov zoo dua. Thaum tib neeg tham, lawv tsis siv cov lus tsis tsim nyog. Lawv hais nws luv luv, yooj yim, thiab koj xav siv nws hauv koj qhov kev sib tham.
Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob hais tias "Kuv tsis ntseeg tias tau ntau xyoo, Txiv ntxawm Liab yog tus uas muab tshuaj lom rau hauv kuv txiv lub cawv txiv hmab thiab tua nws," hais tias Jane, koj tuaj yeem hais "Kuv tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tias Txiv Liab tau lom kuv txiv!"
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv cov lus hais zoo
Txhua tus ua cim yuav tsum muaj lawv tus kheej lub suab, tab sis ntau lub suab yuav ua rau tus nyeem tsis zoo. Tsis tas li, kev siv lub ntsej muag uas tsis paub tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub ntsej muag tsis zoo thiab ua rau tus neeg hais lus tsis zoo ntawm lub suab ntawd.
Txiav txim qhov keeb kwm ntawm tus ua cim hauv lwm txoj kev. Piv txwv, siv cov ntsiab lus hauv cheeb tsam xws li "dej qab zib" thiab "pop" los qhia txog thaj chaw. Nco ntsoov yog tias koj tab tom sau cov cim los ntawm ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li UK lossis Amelikas), koj siv cov lus zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus
Lub tswv yim
- Nrhiav kev sau cov zej zog thiab cov chav nyob ze koj, suav nrog kev sau ntawv. Ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus thiab tau txais kev tawm tswv yim tuaj yeem pab koj loj hlob tiag tiag!
- Nkag mus rau cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem pab koj sau kev sib tham zoo. Siv chav kawm sau lossis nyeem phau ntawv thiab cov vev xaib sau tshwj xeeb los pab cov kws sau ntawv txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los qhia hauv kev sib tham.
