Txhawm rau sau tau zoo, muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo, koj yuav tsum sib xyaw cov ntawv qub thiab tshawb fawb zoo. Xaiv lwm tus neeg cov lus thiab cov tswv yim thiab tom qab ntawd txuas lawv rau hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv yuav tsum muaj txuj ci thiab txawj ntse. Los ntawm kev kawm yuav ua li cas thiaj txhais cov lus, ua haujlwm yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg los ntxig cov lus ncaj qha, thiab nthuav koj cov txuj ci kev sau dav, koj yuav zoo ntawm kev sau tau zoo ntawm koj tus kheej cov lus.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Kawm Txhais Cov Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab cov ntawv koj xav hais
Thaum ua koj qhov kev tshawb fawb, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm coj lub hauv paus ntawm lwm tus neeg lub tswv yim thiab muab tso rau hauv koj li lus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ntej nkag siab cov ntawv koj xav khaws. Nyeem cov ntawv ob peb zaug. Ncua ib pliag kom nkag siab cov lus uas tsis paub. Nco ntsoov tias koj ntes cov lus hauv nws tag nrho.
Kauj Ruam 2. Teem ib sab ntawm cov ntawv qub thiab sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv yam tsis luam nws
Qhov no yuav txhawb koj kom "txhais" tus sau phau ntawv rau hauv koj cov lus. Koj yuav pom tias ib feem uas koj nco tshaj plaws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm koj cov lus txhais. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm digitally, zam kev siv daim ntawv theej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv cov ntawv ntxiv raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv
Nug koj tus kheej cov lus nug, xws li: Nws tshwm sim qhov twg? Lub keeb kwm yav dhau yog li cas? Dab tsi ntxiv uas cov neeg nyeem xav paub txog nws? Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau koj?
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb ob daim ntawv qub
Saib cov ntawv qub thiab rov nyeem dua. Xyuas kom koj sawv cev cov lus raug. Kho cov kab lus nrog rau suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tsis tau xa tawm. Koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv qub tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam hauv cov ntawv tshiab.
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv cov lus hais tawm
Yog tias muaj cov kab lus tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntsiab lus uas koj qiv ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntawv qub, siv cov lus hais los txhawm rau cais lawv. Kev siv cov lus hais los ntawm cov lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus koj tau txhais yog qhov khoom plig rau qhov chaw ntawm nqe lus, thaum tib lub sijhawm ntxiv dag zog rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv qub uas tsis tig nws mus rau qhov ua tiav ncaj qha.
Kauj Ruam 6. Npe lub hauv paus
Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam txog qhov chaw ntawm koj tsab xov xwm, suav nrog lub npe, tus sau, thiab hnub tshaj tawm. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv, txawm hais tias MLA (Niaj Hnub Hais Lus Koom Tes Zoo, feem ntau siv hauv kev sau ntawv, ntawv sau, thiab tib neeg), APA (American Psychological Association, feem ntau siv hauv kev sau txuj tshawb fawb, suav nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev nom kev tswv), AP (Cov Xov Xwm Sib Txuas, feem ntau siv hauv kev sau xov xwm lossis sau ntawv sau xov xwm), lossis Chicago (Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv, feem ntau siv hauv kev sau cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm, xws li cov ntawv tseeb thiab tsis yog phau ntawv sau) los txiav txim siab yuav sau cov ntawv hauv koj li cas. Lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog xyuas kom koj tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej. Koj kuj tseem yuav xav tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv nyeem rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Kev Hais Kom Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab seb qhov kev tsocai xav tau lossis tsis yog
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv nqe lus no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "sau hauv ib tus kheej cov lus." Tab sis kev kawm siv cov lus hais kom raug yog txoj kev sau ntawv tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum nkag siab thaum nws txog sijhawm siv cov lus ncaj qha. Siv cov lus ncaj qha mus rau:
- Sib cav txog lwm tus neeg cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb.
- Txhawb lwm tus neeg lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb.
- Ua pov thawj koj tus kheej lub tswv yim nrog kev pab ntawm lwm tus neeg cov kev xav.
- Ntxiv kev txawj lossis lub zog nrog cov lus tseem ceeb
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov ntsiab lus rau nqe lus hais
Tsis txhob sau cov ntawv hais qhia ntawm nws tus kheej. Koj yuav tsum muab cov lus tsocai rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv. Sau ib lossis ob kab lus uas hais txog nqe lus, uas yog, kab lus uas qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nqe lus. Kuj tseem muab cov ntaub ntawv uas tus nyeem ntawv xav tau kom nkag siab cov lus hais.
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia tawm nqe lus
Thaum pib ntawm koj qhov kev nkag ntawm nqe lus rau hauv koj qhov kev sau, qhia cov lus hais nrog kab lus pib. Cov kab lus no yuav tsum ib txwm muaj lub npe ntawm tus pib ntawm kab lus hais ntxiv nrog rau lub npe tag nrho ntawm txoj haujlwm uas tau hais tawm. Hauv qab no yog ob qho piv txwv:
- Hauv almanac Poor Richard's Almanac, Benjamin Franklin hais tias, "Sau qee yam uas tsim nyog nyeem lossis ua qee yam tsim nyog sau."
- Raws li Stephen King piav qhia hauv nws phau ntawv On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, "Koj tuaj yeem, koj yuav tsum, thiab yog koj muaj lub siab tawv txaus pib, koj tuaj yeem ua tau."
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas hom ntawv
Hom ntawv raug rau tso cov lus hais thiab kab lus hais nyob ntawm cov lus qhia uas koj ua raws, tsis hais MLA, APA, AP, lossis Chicago. Cov cai tshwj xeeb hais txog thaiv cov lus hais tawm, hais kab lus, thiab txawm tias kev tso cov lus hais yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv qhia koj siv. (Cov lus hais saum toj no ua raws li MLA hom ntawv).
- Feem ntau, koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 3-4 kab ntawm kab ntawv. Yog tias nws ntau dua qhov ntawd (thiab yog tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tiag tiag), koj yuav tsum siv cov block citation format (tseem hu ua citation ntev, piv txwv li cov lus hais hauv qhov kev sau ntawv tau muab cais ua kab lus tshiab thiab feem ntau yog qhov pom kev los ntawm cov kab lus uas tau nkag mus thiab ntaus ntawv)). sib txawv lossis me me me).
- Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev hais tawm, sau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam uas koj tsis tau hais txog, xws li tus sau lub npe, tus naj npawb nplooj ntawv, thiab/lossis hnub tshaj tawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau tus sau lub npe
Qhov twg koj qhia phau ntawv qhia xaiv, tus sau lub npe raug suav hais tias yuav tsum suav nrog. Qhov no yog ib feem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj nyob ntawd. Thaum twg los xij koj siv kab lus uas phim tus thawj sau kab lus, koj yuav tsum muab cov kab lus no sau rau hauv cov lus hais thiab suav nrog tus sau lub npe. Kev hla ntu no tsis raug cai. Koj kuj tseem pheej hmoo raug suav hais tias yog kev dag ntxias.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Xyaum Sau Txuj Ci
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem dab tsi koj nyeem tau
Qhov koj nyeem ntau dua, qhov kev tshoov siab sau ntau dua. Koj yuav pib ib txwm nqus cov txheej txheem sau ntawv tshiab thiab cov qauv. Koj yuav dhau los paub ntau dua nrog cov qauv sib txawv, lwm yam thiab cov ntawv sau. Los ntawm kev paub koj nyiam hom kev sau ntawv, koj yuav pib txhim kho koj tus kheej kev sau ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nthuav cov lus
Ntau lo lus koj paub, paub ntau ntxiv koj yuav nyob ntawm kev sib tham tswv yim. Xaiv cov lus muaj zog yuav ua rau koj yooj yim dua rau lwm tus neeg sau.
- Thaum twg los koj hla cov lus uas txawv teb chaws rau koj lub pob ntseg, saib rau nws lub ntsiab lus.
- Qhib phau ntawv txhais lus lossis phau ntawv txhais lus thaum so.
- Tham nrog lwm tus neeg. Cov lus hais tuaj yeem yog cov peev txheej zoo rau kev nrhiav cov lus tshiab thiab nthuav.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho kom raug cov qauv sau ntawv
Yog tias koj tsis nkag siab cov qauv yooj yim ntawm kev tsim kab lus, koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj sau cov kab lus raug. Thaum koj nkag siab cov cai sau ntawv yooj yim, cov lus tshwj xeeb yuav ntws ib txwm thiab koj cov ntawv yuav yooj yim dua rau cov nyeem nyeem nkag siab. Kawm ntau yam ntawv sau los cuam tshuam txog kev sau ntawv thiab qauv kom nthuav dav koj txoj kev paub.
- Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov chaw zoo ntawm kev nyeem ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv hauv is taws nem.
- Kuj ua raws cov pab pawg sau ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm uas feem ntau qhia tawm cov lus thiab sau cov lus qhia.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv
Cov cuab yeej sau ntawv, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus, cim cim, thiab ua yeeb yam tsis txaus ntseeg, tuaj yeem siv los ua kom sau tau ntau dua thiab nthuav qhia cov lus tob. Txawm tias kev sau ntawv kawm tau zoo tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej sau ntawv raug.
- Ntsiab lus: yog lub tswv yim dav dav lossis lub tswv yim uas tshwm nyob thoob plaws qhov haujlwm sau.
- Cim: yog yam khoom, tus yam ntxwv, lossis xim siv los sawv cev rau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb lossis lub tswv yim.
- Kev ua yeeb yam tsis txaus ntseeg: yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas tshwm sim thaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau nkag siab los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, tab sis tsis nkag siab los ntawm cov cim hauv kev sau ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Kawm paub ntau txoj kev sau ntawv
Sim sau lwm qhov thiab ntawm lwm lub cuab yeej. Piv txwv li, siv phau ntawv sau thiab cwj mem thiab sau hauv khw kas fes, lossis lwm lub sijhawm, ntaus koj lub khoos phis tawj hauv tsev. Qhov tseeb, kev sau ntawv nrog tus cwj mem thiab ntawv yuav tso cai rau koj luam lwm tus neeg sau tsawg dua thiab txhais cov ntsiab lus ntau ntxiv. Khaws ib phau ntawv teev npe tus kheej lossis sau ntawv mus rau phooj ywg. Txhua txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem pab koj txhim kho koj cov ntawv sau thiab txhim kho koj lub peev xwm los npaj thiab sau koj cov ntawv.
Lub tswv yim
- Siv phau ntawv txhais lus lossis phau ntawv txhais lus ua lus piv txwv thaum sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, siv nws tsuas yog tom qab koj tau ua tiav thiab ua tiav lub tswv yim thiab tau sau nws hauv cov ntawv yooj yim yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm ib qho. Thaum koj ua tiav, tsim cov tswv yim siv tib lo lus lossis ua ke kab lus siv cov lus tshiab.
- Kev sau ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum koj lub siab tshiab thiab qhib -uas yog, tsis txhob sau ua ntej yuav mus pw. Sim sau ntawv thaum sawv ntxov tab sis tom qab noj tshais; los yog yav tsaus ntuj ua ntej los yog tom qab noj hmo.
- Cov tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem yog qhov chaw zoo los nrhiav cov phau ntawv thiab teem sijhawm nyeem ntawv. Ntau lub tsev qiv ntawv tuaj yeem pab koj sau cov npe phau ntawv, suav txij lub teeb mus rau qhov hnyav.
- Xyaum cov lus tshiab nrog cov phooj ywg, tab sis tsis txhob ua suab nrov dhau.
Ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob siv ntau lo lus uas txhais tau ib yam. Piv txwv li, cov lus "heev" thiab "ib zaug" hauv kab lus "tseem ceeb heev" yog ib daim ntawv siv cov lus ntau dhau. Tsis txhob nkim lus.
- Tsis txhob tub nkeeg qhib phau ntawv txhais lus lossis phau ntawv qhia kev ntseeg thaum sau ntawv. Ob leeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
