Cov ntawv sau yuam kev, uas lub hom phiaj kom ntseeg tus nyeem ntawv ntawm qee qhov kev xav ntawm lub ncauj lus, yog qhov nthuav heev thiab lom zem los sau, tab sis kuj nyuaj rau pib nrog. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom sau ntawv sau rau tsev kawm ntawv txoj haujlwm, tsab ntawv mus rau tsoomfwv tus thawj coj, lossis rau tus kws tshaj xov xwm, cov koomhaum muaj tswv yim thiab cov ntsiab lus qhib uas tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj kev pib zoo.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Tswv Yim thiab Qhia Tus Qauv Taw Qhia
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv lub ncauj lus, yog tias nws tsis muaj lawm
Txhawm rau xaiv koj tus kheej lub ncauj lus, xav txog cov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no uas koj pom tau ntxim nyiam, uas sawv cev rau koj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, lossis tias koj xav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tshawb hauv is taws nem rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws lossis nug cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg kom tau txais lus qhia. Nco ntsoov tias koj xaiv qhov nqaim thiab cov ncauj lus tshwj xeeb yog li koj tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev sib tham.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav sau txog kev ua phem txhaum cai rau menyuam yaus, xaiv qhov nqaim, xws li foob tus hluas li cov neeg laus hauv qee kis.
- Sim xaiv lub ncauj lus uas txaus siab rau koj tiag. Kev sau ntawv yog kev lom zem ntau.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv yuav raug txiav txim ua ntej, xws li rau lub luag haujlwm hauv tsev kawm lossis xa mus rau tsoomfwv lossis ntawv xov xwm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib tham uas zoo li txaus nyiam tshaj los sau txog
Tom qab xaiv lub ncauj lus, pib xav txog yam koj xav qhia. Ib feem twg muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj rau koj? Koj daws qhov teeb meem no yog dab tsi? Tshuaj xyuas ntau yam, xaiv qhov uas ntxim nyiam tshaj lossis ua raws li koj txoj kev ntseeg.
- Nug koj tus kheej seb yam twg yog tus koom nrog hauv qhov teeb meem. Vim li cas qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab vim li cas tib neeg yuav tsum saib xyuas? Thaum koj tau txheeb xyuas qhov ntawd, nws yooj yim rau teeb tsa kev sib cav.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub ncauj lus yog kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj nyaum heev, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham yuav yog siv cov pa roj methane ntau, uas pab txhawb kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev sib kis ntawm huab cua huab cua thiab tsis paub txog qhov kev hloov pauv. Koj tuaj yeem tsim nws raws li teeb meem ib puag ncig nrog rau teeb meem kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txhawm rau nrhiav pov thawj txhawb nqa
Pib tshawb fawb cov ncauj lus hauv is taws nem thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv los txhawb koj txoj kev paub. Nco tseg cov pov thawj siv tau lossis cov lus sib cav uas tab tom pib tsim. Thaum koj yuav tsis siv feem ntau ntawm koj cov kev tshawb fawb hauv koj cov lus qhia, qhov kev paub no yuav pab koj tham txog nws zoo dua.
Siv lub tshuab tshawb fawb tshawb fawb zoo li Google Scholar, EBSCO, lossis JSTOR hloov chaw siv lub tshuab tshawb fawb, thiab coj los ntawm cov chaw ntseeg siab xws li cov koom haum xov xwm thiab.edu URLs
Kauj Ruam 4. Nrhiav 3-5 daim pov thawj los txhawb qhov kev sib cav
Thaum ua kev tshawb fawb, sau ua ke qhov tseeb tshaj plaws thiab cov lus sib cav hauv lub cev ntawm cov pov thawj txhawb nqa. Hauv tsab ntawv yaum, qhov pov thawj txhawb nqa no tuaj yeem ua rau kev txiav txim siab (logos), kev coj ncaj ncees (kev ncaj ncees), thiab kev xav (pathos).
- Piav cov pov thawj luv luv hauv kab lus pib. Yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum paub qhov no ua ntej koj pib sau ntawv.
- Cov pov thawj uas txaus siab rau kev nyeem ntawv ncaj ncees yog qhov uas los ntawm cov peev txheej ntseeg tau. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv sau txog kev siv euthanasia, koj tuaj yeem hais txog kev ua haujlwm lossis cov lus hais ntawm kws kho mob lossis kws saib xyuas neeg mob uas tau koom nrog ncaj qha nrog tus txheej txheem.
- Hauv ib daim ntawv yaum tib neeg kom txo lawv txoj kev siv dej, cov pov thawj uas hais txog qhov laj thawj yog, "Kev siv dej ntau ntxiv tsis yog ua kom cov peev txheej muaj zog ntau ntxiv, nws ntxiv rau daim nqi."
- Hauv cov ntawv yaum kom tib neeg txais cov tsiaj los ntawm cov chaw nyob, koj yuav tsum rov hais dua rau sab kev xav, xws li, "Milo, tus menyuam roj hmab kub, tau pom nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm txoj kev thaum nws tsuas muaj 4 lub hlis xwb. Yog tias nws tsis tau txais tam sim los ntawm lub tsev so uas muaj neeg coob coob, nws yuav tsum raug kaw."
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau nqe lus thesis
Tom qab sib sau ua ke koj cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej, rov xav txog qhov koj xaiv ntawm kev sib tham thiab nthuav dav rau nws, yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau. Sau 1-2 kab lus luv luv uas qhia ntawm qhov pov thawj uas yuav nthuav tawm tom qab. Nws ua haujlwm raws li daim ntawv nyuab ntawm daim ntawv thesis.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pib nrog nqe lus hais tias lub txim tuag yuav tsum tsis raug cai thoob ntiaj teb, nthuav nws mus rau hauv thesis xws li, "Lub txim tuag yuav tsum raug txwv thoob ntiaj teb rau cov laj thawj tib neeg, thiab vim tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum cai."
Kauj Ruam 6. Npaj cov tswv yim hauv kab lus
Ua tus qauv qhia ua ntej pib sau ntawv yuav ua rau cov ntawv muaj txheej txheem thiab teeb tsa. Sim ua ntu 5 pawg qauv, nrog 1 kab lus pib, 3 kab lus piav qhia cov pov thawj, thiab 1 nqe lus xaus. Ua cov ntsiab lus mos txwv thiab sau kab lus luv luv rau txhua ntu.
- Daim ntawv tuaj yeem ntev dua qhov no, tab sis sim tsis txhob luv dua vim tias koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog txhua qhov pov thawj xav tau.
- Koj tuaj yeem teeb tus txheej txheem nrog cov lej Roman, tus lej tsis tu ncua, lossis cov ntsiab lus mos txwv, qhov twg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Sau Cov Lus Nyiam Ua Ntej
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv qhov tseeb lossis cov lus hais los xav kom tus nyeem nyeem txaus siab
Qee cov kab lus mloog-tau muab tso rau thaum pib ntawm tsab ntawv kom lawv tuaj yeem rub tus nyeem ntawv mloog thiab piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cav. Ib txoj hauv kev yog pib koj cov ntawv sau nrog qhov tseeb tsis txaus ntseeg lossis cov lus pom zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog lub ncauj lus. Xaiv ib kab lus kab lus lossis kab lus txhawm rau rub tus nyeem ntawv lub hom phiaj thiab ntxias lawv kom nyeem ntxiv.
- Piv txwv li, hauv daim ntawv yaum kom tib neeg txhawb nqa kev hloov pauv hauv nkuaj, pib nrog cov lus zoo li no, “Tebchaws Asmeskas muaj cov neeg raug kaw loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tebchaws nyob ze, Suav teb, muaj 25% cov neeg nyob hauv nkuaj qis."
- Raws li kev taw qhia rau daim ntawv ntawm lub txim tuag, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus hais zoo li no: "Thaum tham txog lub txim tuag, muaj ob nqe lus uas feem ntau tham txog, 'pauj kua zaub rau qhov muag' thiab 'qhov muag rau qhov muag' kev ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab yuav ua rau lub ntiaj teb dig muag ".
- Yog tias koj siv ib qho ntawm cov hauv kev no, nco ntsoov suav nrog luv luv 1 kab lus piav qhia txog vim li cas koj suav nrog nws. Tsis txhob cia li pib nrog nqe lus lossis tus lej, tom qab ntawd dhia mus rau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nrog cov lus luv luv kom cov neeg nyeem koom nrog
Cov lus piav qhia yog txoj hauv kev zoo los kos tus nyeem ntawv mloog rau cov lus sau uas tso siab rau qhov kev xav sib cav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv ua lub tswv yim los kho tus kheej cov ncauj lus uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov dab neeg uas paub lossis qhov xwm txheej uas koj tau ntsib, lossis sim txheeb cov piv txwv hauv cov dab neeg luv luv.
- Piv txwv li, hauv ib daim ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau menyuam yaus, koj tuaj yeem hais tias, "Yohan Krisna tsuas muaj 14 xyoos thaum nws raug xa mus rau tub ceev xwm lub tsev kaw neeg. Kev ua txhaum? Nyiag ib pob ntawm cov pos hniav hauv khw muag khoom yooj yim hla nws lub tsev kawm ntawv."
- Yog tias koj siv tus kheej tsis txaus ntseeg, nco ntsoov tias hom ntawv sib xws nrog thawj tus neeg piav qhia. Yog tias tsab ntawv no yog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nug tus kws qhia ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Pib nrog kev nthuav dav dav, tom qab nqaim nqes lus
Pib sau ntawv nrog lub zeem muag pom dav thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam nqes nws yog tias lub ncauj lus xav zoo li qub los sau thiab nyeem, nrog rau kev ua kom yooj yim rau tus nyeem ntawv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev, pib nrog tus piv txwv me me thiab maj mam nthuav nws los ua cov lus dav dua.
- Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv hais txog kev txuag dej, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Txawm tias ua ntej kev tshawb fawb pom tias dej tsim nyog rau kev muaj sia nyob li cas, tib neeg nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb, thiab txawm tias kev dawb huv, ntawm lub zog no."
- Sim tsis txhob clichés zoo li, "Txij thaum ub los" lossis "Phau ntawv txhais lus txhais _ li …"
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv cov lus nug rhetorical kom tus nyeem ntawv xav
Nug cov nyeem yog txoj hauv kev ncaj qha los pib sau ntawv, coj tus nyeem ntawv los nqis tes thiab yuam kom lawv xav txog koj lub ncauj lus. Cov lus ua ntej no xav tias yog ntuj thiab txaus nyiam, tab sis nco ntsoov tias koj xaiv cov lus nug uas ua rau muaj kev xav tiag tiag, tsis yog cov uas twb muaj cov lus teb meej lawm.
Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv sau txog kev tiv thaiv tsiaj, koj yuav sau, "Ntau tus neeg paub tias tsiaj tsiaj yuav ploj mus, tab sis koj puas tau xav tias muaj pes tsawg hom tsiaj tau ploj mus txij li thaum koj yug los?
Kauj Ruam 5. Tshaj tawm cov lus sib cav ntawm qhov pib los tsim kev nruj
Pib sau ntawv nrog cov lus sib cav sib cav yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj zoo li ob tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus xav, txawm tias ua ntej nthuav tawm cov pov thawj. Lub tswv yim no yog qhov zoo rau cov ncauj lus uas muaj kev xav zoo ib yam, thiab cov neeg nyeem twb muaj lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Piv txwv li, hauv kev sau ntawv tawm tsam kev siv euthanasia, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Raws li nws cov neeg txhawb nqa, euthanasia yog txoj kev siab dawb thiab tsis mob siab kom xaus lub neej tsis xav tau, thiab lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus."
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Qhia Txog Lub Xeem thiab Thesis
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau 1-2 kab lus qhia txog lub ncauj lus tshwj xeeb
Thaum koj tau ntes koj cov neeg nyeem, qhia lawv tias koj lub ncauj lus yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb. Hauv ob peb kab lus, sau vim li cas koj thiaj coj nws los, vim li cas lawv yuav tsum saib xyuas, thiab vim li cas qhov teeb meem tag nrho tseem ceeb.
Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv sau tawm tsam lub txim tuag, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Lub txim tuag cuam tshuam tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov pej xeem ncaj qha, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm lub cev - cuam tshuam rau tus neeg raug txim tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg, rau cov uas nyeem thiab hnov nws - yog ntau dua. Hauv kev nkag siab dav, lub txim tuag yog qhov xav txog ntawm peb tus kheej lub zej zog."
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab keeb kwm yav dhau los uas tus nyeem ntawv xav tau
Xav tias cov neeg tuaj saib muaj kev paub me ntsis txog lub ncauj lus, tshwj tsis yog tau hais tseg. Koj txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau sau cov khoob ntawd nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev sib cav, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb, keeb kwm yav dhau los, lossis cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Qhov no muab cov nyeem rau lub hauv paus kom nkag siab koj cov ntawv thiab npaj lawv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
- Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv yaum kom tswj phom, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Txoj cai tswj hwm phom muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab txhawj xeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cai no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog lub xeev kev siv phom niaj hnub no."
- Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau tuaj yeem sau ua 2-3 kab lus lossis kab lus tag nrho, nyob ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Piav qhia koj txoj haujlwm hauv nqe lus thesis
Daim ntawv thesis yog tus txha caj qaum ntawm kev sau ntawv, piav qhia lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ncauj lus, dab tsi yog tus koom nrog, thiab yam koj xav tias yuav tsum tau ua raws cov pov thawj. Feem ntau, lawv yog 1-2 kab lus ntev, tab sis tuaj yeem ntev dua rau cov ntawv sau dav dua. Siv cov lus muaj zog tshaj plaws, meej tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yooj yim los qhia koj cov kev xav rau tus nyeem ntawv.
Piv txwv li, hauv kab lus uas yaum kom tib neeg tawm tsam qhov chaw ua si tshiab, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Tsis muaj teeb meem loj npaum li cas lub tiaj ua si tshiab yuav yog rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, qhov chaw ntsuab ntsuab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau zej zog. Sib nrug los ntawm kev ua qhov nthuav dav nthuav dav ntawm thaj tsam ua ntej kev txhim kho, qhov qub tseem yog qhov chaw nyob tseem ceeb rau cov paj ntoo thiab tsiaj txhu hauv ib cheeb tsam uas yuav hloov mus rau thaj chaw nyob thiab ntsib kev phom sij thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij nyob ib puag ncig
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov pov thawj rau kev hloov mus rau thawj kab lus tseem ceeb
Hauv lossis tom qab koj daim ntawv thesis, koj tseem tuaj yeem hais txog cov pov thawj uas yuav nthuav tawm rau lwm qhov, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thawj kab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov no tso cai rau cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia ua ntej txhawm rau txhawb cov pov thawj.
Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv txhawb nqa kev siv euthanasia, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm euthanasia yog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg mob uas mob hnyav, kho tsis tau." Cov kab lus zoo li no tuaj yeem tso rau tom kawg ntawm kab lus pib lossis pib ntawm thawj kab lus tseem ceeb
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Zam Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Tsis Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob nthuav tawm thiab txheeb xyuas cov pov thawj hauv qhov taw qhia
Cov pov thawj muaj zog thiab nthuav cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsuas yog ntuj uas koj xav mus ncaj nraim rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tso cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev sib cav thiab txheeb xyuas cov pov thawj hauv kab lus tseem ceeb. Txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem mob siab rau koom nrog tus nyeem ntawv thiab qhia lub ncauj lus, ntxiv rau tiv thaiv cov tswv yim los ntawm kev piav qhia kom txog thaum lawv tau pom zoo tag nrho.
Piv txwv li, hauv tsab ntawv hais txog kev siv cawv thaum tsav tsheb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ncauj lus nthuav dav xws li, "Txhua txhua 2 feeb, ib tus neeg raug mob los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv qab cawv." Txawm li cas los xij, zam kev txheeb cais xws li, "Peb txhua tus yuav paub tsawg kawg ib tus neeg uas tau koom nrog hauv kev xwm txheej tsheb khiav los ntawm kev haus cawv, thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau tias qhov teeb meem no muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj. Hauv ntau qhov chaw, ib qho ntawm qhov cuam tshuam yog ua tiav ntawm qhov teeb meem. Tub ceev xwm tau tshaj tawm tias…”
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau qhov kev sib cav kom meej, tab sis nthuav qhia nws me ntsis
Tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum lees paub thesis nqe lus thiab lub ntsiab lus sib cav, tab sis tsis txhob ua kom pom tseeb dhau. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm cov ntawv sau ua rau nws tsis txaus siab thiab tsis yaum tsawg. Hloov chaw, nthuav tawm qhov kev sib cav hauv txoj hauv kev muaj zog tab sis hloov pauv uas qhia tus nyeem ntawv tias lawv tau mus txog kab lus tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab.
Piv txwv li, zam kev sau tej yam xws li, “Kuv yuav ua pov thawj tias…” lossis “Cov ntawv sau no yuav qhia tias…”. Hom kab lus no yog kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis tsim nyog
Kauj Ruam 3. Tawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tseem ceeb
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau txaus yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis nco ntsoov tias txhua cov ntsiab lus koj nkag mus yog qhov tsim nyog kom yaum tus nyeem ntawv. Qhov tseeb ntxiv yuav ua rau lawv qaug zog thiab ua rau cov ntawv sau tsis zoo li qub, txawm tias tsis txaus ntseeg.
- Piv txwv li, cov lus tseeb hais txog tus qauv ya dav hlau yuav yog qhov txaus nyiam, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv vim li cas lub ntiaj teb thiaj xav tiv thaiv cov neeg muv.
- Koj kuj tsis tas yuav suav nrog "phau ntawv tshaj qhia" cov ntaub ntawv, xws li lub npe tag nrho, tus sau, lossis xyoo tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv uas koj tau sau txog cov ntawv sau no, tshwj tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sau hauv phau ntawv sau lossis nplooj ntawv nplooj ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob nthuav qhia ntau dhau
Thaum cov lus qhia dav dav tuaj yeem xav tias yog ntuj thiab txaus ntseeg nyob rau lub sijhawm, tsis txhob ua kom dav heev. Cov ntawv sau txaus ntseeg tau sau los txhawb kom cov nyeem nyeem kom ua qee qhov kev ntseeg ntawm qhov teeb meem, tsis tas yuav coj lawv rov mus rau keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim noob neej.
