Koj puas muaj tus kws tshuaj menyuam yaus nyob tom tsev? Txawm hais tias koj tus menyuam muaj kev txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb lossis tsis yog, kawm txog cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus tuaj yeem yog qhov kev kawm zoo. Koj tus menyuam pom cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus txhua hnub, yog li koj tuaj yeem piav qhia daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb rau lub neej niaj hnub.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Qhia Koj Tus Menyuam Li Cas Cov Kua Dej thiab Cov Hauv Paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia koj tus menyuam txog atoms thiab molecules
Qhia rau koj tus menyuam tias txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig peb yog tsim los ntawm atoms thiab molecules.
Piv txwv, siv dej. Piav rau koj tus menyuam tias lub cim rau dej yog H2O. Lub cim "H" sawv cev rau hydrogen; thiab "O" sawv cev rau oxygen. Yog li ntawd, lub cim "H2O" qhia tias muaj ob lub hydrogen atoms thiab ib lub pa oxygen sib txuas ua ke. Cov dej dej tuaj yeem faib ua ob peb ntu, uas yog ib qho OH thiab ib H qib
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus
Yog tias cov khoom tsim tawm ntau hydroxide (OH), ces cov khoom yog lub hauv paus; Yog tias cov tshuaj tsim cov tshuaj hydrogen ntau (H), ces cov tshuaj yog kua qaub.
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj thaum piav qhia cov ntsiab lus nyuaj, kom paub koj tus menyuam txoj kev kawm. Koj tus menyuam puas nyiam kawm tau zoo dua los ntawm kev saib, mloog lossis ua haujlwm lub cev? Yog tias tsis ntseeg, siv kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm kev pom, hnov lus thiab siv txoj hauv kev: cov menyuam feem ntau teb tau zoo rau cov duab, suab, kev sim thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam nrog lawv lub siab
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia koj tus menyuam qhov ntsuas pH
Qhia koj tus menyuam tias cov kws tshawb fawb siv pH ntsuas los txiav txim cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus. Qhov ntsuas rau cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog kaum plaub degrees. Kos cov nplai (lossis luam tawm los ntawm nplooj ntawv web) thiab piav qhia rau koj tus menyuam tias cov tshuaj ntawm qhov ntsuas los ntawm 1 txog 7 (muaj tus nqi pH qis) yog acidic, thiab cov tshuaj ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm xya mus rau kaum plaub (muaj pH qis. tus nqi). siab) yog alkaline.
Sau daim ntawv ntsuas pH nrog lub npe lossis daim duab ntawm cov khoom niaj hnub tuaj yeem pab koj txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, nrog rau pawg kom raug raws li qhov ntsuas
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia koj tus menyuam txog lub tswvyim ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees
Cov tshuaj nruab nrab muaj qhov ntsuas pH ntawm xya; nws tsis yog cov kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus. Cov dej hauv dej yog ib qho piv txwv. Cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau nruab nrab los ntawm kev sib txuas lawv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Qhia txog kev nyab xeeb
Cov tshuaj uas muaj acidic ntau (ib puag ncig pH scale ntawm ib lossis qis dua) yog qhov txaus ntshai, zoo li yog cov tshuaj alkaline heev (ib puag ncig pH ntsuas ntawm kaum peb thiab saum toj no). Qhia koj tus menyuam tias nws lossis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob sim nrog cov tshuaj.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Qhov txawv ntawm Cov kua qaub thiab Cov hauv paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia koj tus menyuam rau litmus ntawv
Litmus ntawv tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias cov khoom yog kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus. Ntawv yuav tig liab thaum raug rau cov kua qaub thiab xiav thaum raug rau cov tshuaj alkaline.
- Dip litmus ntawv hauv vinegar. Daim ntawv yuav tig liab los qhia tias muaj acidity.
- Dip daim ntawv parchment hauv ci dej qab zib thiab dej sib tov. Cov tshuaj yuav tig xiav los qhia tias cov tshuaj yog lub hauv paus.
- Ib qho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej cov khoom ntsuas. Txhawm rau ua nws, sov cov zaub qhwv hauv cov dej lossis hauv lub microwave kom txog thaum du, tom qab ntawd txiav mus rau hauv me me, nias nrog lub kas fes lim kom txog thaum cov xim tau nqus. tom qab ntawd coj cov zaub qhwv thiab hlais nws. Cov hlais tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov kua qaub los yog cov hauv paus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia koj tus menyuam txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus
Feem ntau, cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus muaj cov yam ntxwv pom tau uas koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas yam tsis siv daim ntawv litmus.
- Cov kua qaub muaj cov kua qaub thiab tuaj yeem yaj tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Citric acid, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab dej roj teeb yog qee qhov piv txwv, vim tias cov kua qaub plab zom cov zaub mov uas peb noj.
- Cov hauv paus muaj qhov iab saj thiab zoo li yuav nplua. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem yaj cov av thiab cov quav hniav los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj hydroxide thiab yog li nws tau siv los ua tshuaj ntxuav. Xab npum, kua ntxuav tais diav, tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws, tshuaj dawb, tshuaj tu plaub hau thiab ci dej qab zib yog qee qhov piv txwv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau cov qauv uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev sim
Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus hauv koj chav ua noj: kua txiv kab ntxwv, mis, ci dej qab zib, txiv qaub, thiab txhua yam koj muaj.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nug koj tus menyuam sim cov khoom xyaw thiab nug lawv seb lawv puas muaj kua qaub los yog yooj yim
Nco qab lawv tias cov kua qaub yuav saj qaub thiab cov hauv paus yuav saj iab.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Kev sim nrog cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov khoom xyaw
Cov menyuam yaus nyiam kev sim thiab nyiam nco cov ntsiab lus zoo dua thaum lawv ua kev sim. Koom nrog koj cov menyuam los ntawm kev khaws lawv cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev sim: zaub qhwv nplooj, tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, lim dej, tsib lub khob yas ntawm gelatin, kua txiv, ci dej qab zib, tais xab npum, txiv qaub lossis kua txiv qaub thiab mis.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua qhov ntsuas nrog nplooj zaub
Muab plaub mus rau tsib nplooj tso rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, ntxiv ib nrab lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws nrog dej, thiab sib tov. Lim cov khib nyiab los ntawm qhov sib tov uas tau muab zom los ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, thiab ntxiv cov kua ntshav rau tsib lub khob yas gelatin (ntxiv qhov sib xyaw ua ke rau txhua lub khob).
Tsis tas li, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov ntsuas los ntawm sau lub lauj kaub nrog dej, nqa cov dej mus rau ib lub rhaub, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov nplooj zaub liab rau hauv lub lauj kaub. Cia nws li kaum feeb, kom txog thaum dej hloov liab. Txias rau chav sov
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj cov khoom
Tsib yam tshuaj uas koj tau sau yog tshuaj lom neeg. Yog tias cov tshuaj yog cov kua qaub, nws yuav tig cov kua liab mus rau xim liab; Yog tias cov tshuaj muaj alkaline, cov tshuaj yuav hloov xim rau xim xiav. Nug koj tus menyuam kom kwv yees seb cov tshuaj yuav saj li cas (tshwj tsis yog nrog xab npum ntxuav tais diav, tau kawg).
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua qhov kev sim
Qhia koj tus menyuam kom txo ib rab diav ntawm txhua qhov tshuaj lom tshuaj rau hauv ib ntawm tsib lub tsom iav. Nco ntsoov khaws cov mis rau zaum kawg. Sau txhua qhov kev tshawb pom koj ua, thov kom koj tus menyuam sau qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, lawv saj, lawv qhov kev kwv yees, thiab xim uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sim.
Thaum koj tus menyuam pub mis, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov ntsuas tsis hloov pauv mus rau qhov ci ci lossis xiav tsaus; nws yuav tig liab doog. Vim tias mis yog cov khoom nruab nrab; Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas pH thiab tsis qab zib lossis iab. Nco koj tus menyuam txog qhov ntsuas pH thiab piav qhia tias cov tshuaj ua rau acidic ntau dua qhov qis pH thiab ntau alkaline ntau dua pH teev
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim nrog nruab nrab
Koj tuaj yeem pom dab tsi tshwm sim thaum koj tus menyuam ntxiv lub hauv paus rau cov kua qaub (lossis hloov pauv). Nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj nruab nrab los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj reagents.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim
Koj tus menyuam yuav tsum nkag siab lub tswvyim ntawm pH ntsuas los ntawm kev sim, tab sis rov tshuaj xyuas dua kom paub tseeb. Kom nws saib cov ntaub ntawv thiab piav qhia rau koj tias vim li cas cov tshuaj hloov xim zoo li nws tau ua, tom qab ntawd nug cov lus nug ntxiv los ntsuas nws lub peev xwm nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv.
