Kev quab yuam yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev txhais tias yog kev cuam tshuam uas ua rau cov khoom hloov pauv nws qhov nrawm lossis kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav los yog kev sib hloov. Lub zog tuaj yeem nrawm cov khoom los ntawm kev rub lossis thawb. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev quab yuam, huab hwm coj, thiab kev nrawm tau txhais los ntawm Isaac Newton hauv Newton txoj cai thib ob, uas hais tias qhov kev quab yuam ntawm ib yam khoom yog khoom ntawm nws qhov hnyav thiab nrawm. Yog tias koj xav paub ntsuas ntsuas lub zog, tsuas yog ua raws cov theem no.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev quab yuam, huab hwm coj, thiab kev nrawm
Lub zog ntawm ib yam khoom tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm nws qhov hnyav thiab nws qhov nrawm. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no tuaj yeem txhais los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: Force = Pawg x Ua kom nrawm.
Nov yog qee yam ntxiv los txiav txim siab thaum ntsuas lub zog:
- Tus txheej txheem txheem rau qhov hnyav yog qhov hnyav (kg).
- Tus txheej txheem rau kev nrawm yog m/s2.
- Tus txheej txheem rau kev quab yuam yog Newton (N). Newton yog chav tsev muab los. 1N = 1 kg x 1m/s2.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoom muab
Qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho khoom yog tus nqi ntawm cov teeb meem muaj nyob hauv nws. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib yam khoom yeej tsis hloov pauv, tsis hais lub ntiaj chaw twg nws nyob rau; thaum qhov hnyav sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev nyiam ua rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Koj lub ntiaj teb thiab ntawm lub hli zoo ib yam. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas, qhov hnyav tuaj yeem sau ua grams lossis kilograms. Piv txwv tias yam khoom uas peb siv yog lub tsheb thauj khoom hnyav 1000 hli
- Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho khoom, muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug peb npaug lossis ob npaug. Qhov nyiaj seem no yuav ntsuas qhov hnyav hauv kilograms lossis grams.
- Hauv Imperial system, qhov hnyav tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv phaus (phaus). Txij li lub zog kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv cov chav no, lo lus "phaus-pawg" tau tsim los kom paub qhov txawv nws siv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj pom qhov hnyav ntawm ib yam khoom tau hais hauv phaus, tsuas yog muab nws sib npaug 0.45 kom pom tus nqi hauv kilograms.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntsuas lub hom phiaj kom nrawm
Hauv physics, kev nrawm yog txhais raws li kev hloov pauv hauv qhov nrawm, uas tau txhais raws li qhov nrawm hauv qhov kev qhia, muab rau ib lub sijhawm. Sib nrug los ntawm kev nrawm dua, kev nrawm kuj tuaj yeem txhais tau tias ua kom qeeb lossis hloov pauv. Ib yam li kev ntsuas nrawm tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, kev ntsuas nrawm kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Cia qhov nrawm ntawm lub tsheb nrog huab hwm coj 1000 kg yog 3m/feeb2.
- Hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas, qhov nrawm tau sau hauv centimeters ib pliag lossis ob peb vib nas this, thiab qhov nrawm tau sau hauv centimeters ib pliag ib pliag thib ob (centimeters ib ob npaug ob) lossis meters ib ob thib ob (metres ib ob thib ob).
- Hauv Imperial system, ib txoj hauv kev los qhia nrawm yog txhais taw ib ob. Yog li, kev nrawm kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv chav ntawm ko taw ib ob npaug ob zaug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov khoom sib npaug los ntawm nws qhov nrawm
Qhov tshwm sim yog tus nqi style. Tsuas yog ntsaws cov lej uas tau txais rau hauv qhov kev ua zauv thiab koj yuav paub lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Nco ntsoov sau koj cov lus teb hauv netwon (N).
- Force = Pawg x Ua kom nrawm
- Force = 1000 kg x 3m/s2
- Lub zog = 3000N
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Lub Tswv Yim Nyuaj Tshaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav qhov hnyav yog tias koj paub lub zog thiab nrawm
Yog tias koj paub lub zog thiab ua kom nrawm ntawm ib yam khoom, tsuas yog ntsaws qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv tib lub mis kom pom cov khoom hnyav. Nov yog yuav ua li cas:
- Force = Pawg x Ua kom nrawm
- 3N = Pawg x 3m/s2
- Pawg = 3N/3m/s2
- Qhov hnyav = 1 kg
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav qhov nrawm yog tias koj paub lub zog thiab qhov hnyav
Yog tias koj paub lub zog thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ib yam khoom, tsuas yog ntsaws qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv tib lub mis kom pom cov khoom nrawm. Nov yog yuav ua li cas:
- Force = Pawg x Ua kom nrawm
- 10N = 2 kg x Acceleration
- Kev nrawm = 10N/2kg
- Ceev = 5m/s2
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov nrawm ntawm ib yam khoom
Yog tias koj xav paub lub zog ntawm ib yam khoom, koj tuaj yeem suav nws qhov nrawm nrawm tsuav koj paub nws qhov hnyav. Txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog siv tus lej txhawm rau nrhiav kev nrawm ntawm ib yam khoom. Cov mis yog (Acceleration = Kawg Kawg - Pib Ceev)/Sijhawm.
- Piv txwv: Tus neeg khiav ceev muaj qhov nrawm ntawm 6 m/2 hauv 10 vib nas this. Dab tsi yog qhov nrawm?
- Qhov nrawm kawg yog 6 m/s. Nws qhov pib nrawm yog 0 m/s. Lub sijhawm yog 10s.
- Kev nrawm = (6 m/s - 0 m/s)/10s = 6/10s = 0.6m/s2
Lub tswv yim
- Qhov hnyav kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau rau hauv slugs, nrog ib tus slug sib npaug rau 32,174 phaus ntawm qhov hnyav. Ib qho slag yog qhov hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm los ntawm 1 phaus ntawm lub zog los ntawm kev nrawm ntawm 1 ko taw ib ob thib ob. Thaum muab cov pawg loj nyob rau hauv slugs los ntawm kev nrawm hauv ob txhais taw ib ob npaug, kev hloov pauv tas li tsis siv.
- Yog li, 640 phaus hnyav nrawm ntawm 5 ko taw ib ob npaug muaj qhov kwv yees li ntawm 640 npaug 5 faib los ntawm 32 lossis 100 phaus ntawm lub zog.
- Qhov hnyav yog qhov hnyav cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nrawm vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, qhov nrawm yog kwv yees li 9.8 metres ib pliag thib ob (9.8065) lossis 32 ko taw ib ob thib ob (32, 174). Yog li, hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas, qhov hnyav ntawm 100 kg yog sib npaug rau 980 newtons, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 100 grams yog sib npaug rau 980 dynes. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, qhov hnyav thiab qhov hnyav tuaj yeem sau rau hauv tib chav, yog li 100 phaus hnyav hnyav 100 phaus (100 phaus quab yuam). Txij li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav sib npaug ntsuas qhov rub ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm ib yam khoom, nws ntsuas qhov hnyav, tsis hnyav. (Hauv kev siv niaj hnub, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, tsuav yog siv lub ntiajteb sab hauv los.)
- Faib qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tas mus li yog tias koj siv lus Askiv. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, phaus tuaj yeem yog chav ntawm qhov hnyav lossis quab yuam hauv tebchaws Askiv; thaum siv los ua ib chav quab yuam, phaus hu ua phaus ntawm quab yuam. Kev hloov pauv tas li yog 32.174 phaus-taw ib phaus ntawm qhov quab yuam thib ob sib npaug; 32, 174 yog tus nqi ntawm kev nrawm vim lub ntiaj teb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv ob txhais taw ib thib ob. (Kom yooj yim ua lej, peb yuav hloov tus nqi rau 32.)
- Nco ntsoov tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev quab yuam, huab hwm coj, thiab kev nrawm nrawm txhais tau tias cov khoom nrog qhov hnyav me me thiab kev nrawm nrawm tuaj yeem muaj lub zog ib yam li cov khoom uas muaj qhov loj thiab nrawm me.
- Qhov hnyav ntawm 150 kilograms nrog kev nrawm ntawm 10 meters rau ob npaug ob zaug muaj lub zog ntawm 150 npaug 10, lossis 1500 kilograms meters ib ob ob npaug. (Ib kilogram meter 'meter' thib ob ua ob lub npe hu ua Newton.)
- Cov qauv yuav muaj cov npe tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm lawv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib yam khoom. Lub zog uas ua rau lub hom phiaj ua kom nrawm yog hu ua thawb, thaum lub zog uas ua rau cov khoom kom qeeb yog rub. Lub zog uas hloov qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov khoom uas tig ntawm nws lub axis hu ua torque.
- Qhov hnyav ntawm 20 grams nrog kev nrawm ntawm 5 cm rau ib lub xwmfab thib ob muaj lub zog ntawm 20 npaug 5, lossis 100 grams centimeters ib ob thib ob. (Ib gram centimeter ib ob thib ob hu ua dyne.)
