Kev sau npe cov tshuaj yooj yim yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb heev yog tias koj xav ua tiav hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Ua raws li phau ntawv qhia no kom kawm qee txoj cai yooj yim rau npe cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thiab yuav ua li cas rau npe cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas koj tsis paub.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Naming Ionic Compounds
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj ionic
Ionic compounds muaj hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Saib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus kom pom cov pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab nws lub npe
Rau cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ionic, npe yog yooj yim heev. Thawj feem ntawm lub npe yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Qhov thib ob yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau, xaus rau hauv ida.
Piv txwv: Al2O3. Al2 = Txhuas; O3 = Cov pa. Yog li lub npe dhau los ua txhuas oxide.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua tib zoo saib cov hlau hloov pauv
Cov hlau hauv D thiab F block ntawm cov lus teev sijhawm tau paub tias yog hlau hloov pauv. Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau no tau sau nrog tus lej roman thaum sau lub npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov no ua tiav vim tias cov hlau hloov pauv tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ib hom nqi thiab tuaj yeem ua ntau dua ib hom kev sib xyaw.
Piv txwv: FeCl2 thiab FeCl3. Fe = Hlau; Cl2 = Chloride -2; Cl3 = Chloride -3. Cov npe ntawm cov sib txuas yog hlau (II) chloride thiab hlau (III) chloride.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Naming Polyatomic Compounds
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm polyatomic compounds
Cov sib xyaw no suav nrog ib pawg ntawm atoms koom ua ke, thiab tag nrho cov khoom sau muaj qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo. Koj tuaj yeem ua peb yam tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas polyatomic:
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Ntxiv hydrogen rau thawj lub npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Lo lus hydrogen tau ntxiv rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub npe sib xyaw. Qhov no txo qis ib qho nqi tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, CO. Carbonate32- rau hydrogen carbonate HCO3-.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4Bullet1 -
Tshem cov pa tawm ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Tus nqi tseem tshuav thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm -at rau -it. Piv txwv li: TSIS YOG3 ua NO2, lub npe hloov los ntawm nitrate mus rau nitrite."
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Hloov cov atom nruab nrab nrog lwm cov atom los ntawm tib pab pawg ib ntus. Piv txwv li, sulfate SO42- tuaj yeem yog selenate SeO42-.
Lub Npe Tshuaj Txhim Kho Cov Kauj Ruam 4Bullet3
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco ntsoov cov khoom siv ion uas nquag siv
Pawg no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov feem ntau polyatomic sib txuas. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj plaws tsawg tshaj plaws yog:
- Cov tshuaj hydroxide: OH-
- Nitrate ion: Tsis yog3-
- Hydrogen carbonate ion: HCO3-
- Cov tshuaj permanganate: MnO4-
- Carbonate ion: Cov32-
- Chromate ion: CrO42-
- Dichromate ion: Cr2O72-
- Sulfate ion: Yog42-
- Sulfite ion: Yog32-
- Thiosulfate ion: S2O32-
- Phosphate ion: PO43-
- Ammonia ion: NH4+
Kauj Ruam 3. Npaj cov npe ntawm cov sib txuas raws li daim ntawv teev npe
Ua ke txhua yam hauv pawg ionic thiab npe lawv kom raug. Yog tias lub hauv paus nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm pab pawg ionic, lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus tsuas yog xav tau ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov npe sib xyaw.
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Piv txwv: KMnO4. Koj yuav tsum tau pom tias MnO. Ion4- yog poov tshuaj permanganate. K yog poov tshuaj, yog li lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj yog potassium permanganate.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6Bullet1 -
Piv txwv: NaOH. Koj yuav tsum tau pom tias OH. Ion- yog hydroxide. Na yog sodium, yog li lub npe ntawm cov sib xyaw yog sodium hydroxide.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6Bullet2
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Naming Covalent Compounds
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm covalent sib txuas
Covalent sib txuas tau tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau yam uas tsis yog xim hlau. Nam sneyawa raws tus naj npawb ntawm cov atoms tam sim no. Cov ntawv ua ntej ntxiv rau lub npe sib xyaw yog lo lus Latin rau tus lej ntawm cov lwg me me.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm pib
Nco qab cov lus ua ntej txog 8 atoms:
- 1 atom-“Mono-”
- 2 atoms-"Di-"
- 3 atoms-"Tri-"
- 4 atoms-"Tetra-"
- 5 atoms-"Penta-"
- 6 atoms-"Hexa-"
- 7 atoms-“Hepta-”
- 8 atoms-"Octa-"
Kauj Ruam 3. Npe lub npe
Siv cov lus ua ntej raug, npe lub npe tshiab. Koj ntxiv cov lus ua ntej rau ib feem ntawm qhov sib xyaw uas muaj ntau lub atoms.
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Piv txwv: CO yuav dhau los ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab CO2 yuav yog carbon dioxide.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9Bullet1 -
Piv txwv: N2S3 yuav yog nitrous trisulfide.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9Bullet2 -
Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, mono prefix tuaj yeem raug rho tawm vim nws qhia tias tsis muaj lwm qhov txiaj ntsig. Cov ntawv ua ntej no tseem siv rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide vim tias nws yog lo lus siv txij li kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg thaum ntxov.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9Bullet3
Lub tswv yim
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias lub npe no tsis siv rau tshuaj lom neeg organic.
- Cov kev cai no yog tsim rau cov neeg uas tshiab rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshawb fawb. Cov kev cai sib txawv siv yog tias koj tau kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg siab, piv txwv li txoj cai ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig.
- Yog lawm, txoj cai no muaj ntau qhov kev zam, piv txwv li, txawm hais tias nws muaj 2 qhov kawg, CaCl2 tseem hu ua calcium chloride, TSIS yog calcium dichloride raws li ib tus yuav xav.
