Koj nyob hauv chav kuaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov dej haus. Koj yuav zoo li yuav tsum tau siv Bunsen hlawv kom sov cov kua sib tov kom npau. Qhov tseeb, Bunsen lub qhov hluav taws kub yog qhov cua sov uas yuav siv feem ntau hauv koj qhov kev qhia txog tshuaj lom neeg, nws puas yog cov organic lossis tsis muaj kuab lom. Tab sis tig nws thiab kho nws tsis tas yuav yog tus ntaus pob, txawm tias koj tsis muaj kev paub dhau los.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 5: Ua Kom Ruaj Ntseg
Kauj Ruam 1. Nco ntsoov tias koj muaj thaj chaw ua haujlwm huv thiab huv si
ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj zaum tiv thaiv hluav taws lossis tsawg kawg yog lub lev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog lub tswv yim zoo.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho koj cov cuab yeej huv thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub qhov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb nyob qhov twg thiab yuav siv nws li cas
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tshawb xyuas qhov chaw ua ntej koj pib ua cov txheej txheem kuaj sim. Tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom hauv qab no yam tsis muaj kev txwv:
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Daim pam hluav taws.
Siv qhov no los qhwv thaum koj cov khaub ncaws raug hluav taws. Daim pam yuav tua hluav taws los ntawm kev kaw cov pa oxygen.
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Hluav Taws.
Paub ib leeg qhov chaw nyob. Nws yeej tsis mob siab kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tau hloov kho tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom uas muaj thiab kos cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Muaj ntau hom kev tua hluav taws thiab txhua tus (hauv Tebchaws Meskas) yuav tsum tau cim nrog lub nplhaib xim nyob ze rau sab saum toj ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws.
- Cov hmoov qhuav qhuav tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom hluav taws tshwj tsis yog roj. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas muaj hmoov qhuav tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov khoom hnyav, kua, roj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws muaj cov nplaim hluav taws (cov hmoov qhuav) uas nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau cim nrog kab xiav.
- Ua Npuas Ncauj (kab daj, USA) lub CO2 (kab dub, teb chaws USA) yog rau roj. "'
- CO. Tua hluav taws2 kuj tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob thiab cov kua uas kub hnyiab tau.
- Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ua npuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov kua ua kua thiab cov khoom tawg yooj yim (ntawv, ntoo, lwm tus).
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Paub siv lub tshuab tua hluav taws.
Siv TARS cov ntawv luv: Trub tus pin thiab, nrog lub taub hau taw kom deb ntawm koj, tso lub tshuab xauv. Alub hom phiaj qis (mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov hluav taws kub). Rtxhais kub maj mam thiab tusyees. Skis cov tshuaj tua hluav taws los ntawm ib sab mus rau ib sab.
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Hluav taws kub hose.
Cov no yog rau cov hluav taws loj thiab yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm cov tib neeg tau kawm tiav. Txau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov hluav taws kom txias cov khoom kub hnyiab. Dej yuav tsum siv ntawm cov khib nyiab-ntoo, ntawv, khaub ncaws, rooj tog zaum, thiab lwm yam, tab sis tsis siv rau cov dej kub hnyiab, roj, roj lossis khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis txhob siv dej rau ntawm cov kua uas tsis tuab dua li dej (1.0 g/cm3). Cov kua raws li nws ntab rau saum npoo av thiab txau nrog dej ua rau hluav taws kis mus.
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Kev nyab xeeb da dej.
Yog tias koj cov khaub ncaws tau kub hnyiab thiab tsis ntub nrog cov kua uas kub hnyiab, qhov no yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo. Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb feem ntau yog yaug cov kua qaub los ntawm koj lub cev, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum muaj hluav taws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Hnav kom tsim nyog kom nyab xeeb
Hnav tsom iav kev nyab xeeb thiab siv lwm yam cuab yeej tiv thaiv thaum cuam tshuam nrog Bunsen qhov cub.
Nco ntsoov khi rov qab cov plaub hau ntev thiab tso cov khaub ncaws xoob rau hauv koj lub ris (lossis tshem tawm). kuj muab koj khi thiab tshem cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Xav ua ntej thiab tshem tawm kev phom sij ua ntej lawv dhau los ua teeb meem. Koj tsis xav tau hluav taws
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kab nrib pleb hauv cov kab xa roj, uas feem ntau yog cov roj hmab hose/yeeb nkab
Maj mam nyem raws lub raj thiab khoov ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus raws lub raj thaum koj ua tib zoo saib rau qhov pom qhov tawg. Yog tias koj pom kab nrib pleb, hloov cov yeeb nkab.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txuas lub hoses mus rau lub qhov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab mus rau Bunsen qhov cub
Nco ntsoov tias lub hose raug thawb zoo txhua txoj kev mus rau tus tav thiab kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ob qho kawg. Yuav tsum tsis muaj txoj hauv kev kom cov pa nkag mus rau hauv huab cua tshwj tsis yog los ntawm lub tshuab hlawv.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua kom nws ua tus cwj pwm tuav lub qhov hluav taws kub tsuas yog hauv qab
Tuav lub Bunser lub qhov hluav taws xob nkaus xwb los ntawm lub hauv paus lossis lub dab tshos hauv qab ntawm lub thoob. Thaum lub qhov hluav taws kub nyob ntawm lub thoob yuav kub heev thiab koj yuav hlawv koj tus kheej yog tias koj tuav lub qhov hluav taws kub los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub thoob ua ntej tso cai rau lub hlawv kom txias.
Ntu 2 ntawm 5: Kawm Cov Cuab Yeej Hlawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm txog lub npe ntawm cov khoom ntawm Bunsen burner
- Qhov qis ntawm lub qhov hluav taws kub nyob saum lub rooj zaum hu ua lub hauv paus. Lub hauv paus muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab pab tiv thaiv lub qhov hluav taws kub kom tsis txhob tawg.
- Qhov ncaj ntawm lub qhov hluav taws kub hu ua lub thoob.
- Hauv qab ntawm lub thoob yog lub tes tsho sab nrauv (dab tshos) uas tuaj yeem tig los nthuav tawm lub qhov rau hauv lub thoob, hu ua lub qhov rooj cua. Qhov no tso cai rau huab cua nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws tau sib xyaw nrog cov roj kom tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom kub hnyiab.
- Roj nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob los ntawm rab koob hloov lub valve kom tswj cov pa ntws.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm txog qhov hluav taws kub
Nyob rau hauv hluav taws muaj tiag tiag yog hluav taws dua. Sab hauv hluav taws yog txo nplaim taws thiab sab nrauv yog hluav taws kub hnyiab. Qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm nplaim taws yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov nplaim puab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog txheej txheem kev sib xyaw thiab hlawv roj
- cua thiab roj sib tov hauv lub thoob. Yog tias lub dab tshos tig kom lub qhov rooj cua kaw, ces tsis muaj cua nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob. Txhua cov pa (tsim nyog rau kev tua hluav taws) tau muab los ntawm lub thoob ntawm lub thoob los ntawm huab cua ib puag ncig. Cov nplaim no yog xim daj thiab yog nplaim txias tshaj plaws, feem ntau hu ua hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb. "Thaum lub qhov hluav taws kub tsis siv lub dab tshos yuav tsum tig los kaw lub qhov rooj cua thiab tsim hluav taws kom nyab xeeb.
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Lub koob rab koob thiab lub dab tshos tau siv ua ke los tswj qhov ntim thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov pa mus rau huab cua sib xyaw. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov pa rau huab cua feem ntau txiav txim siab cov cua sov tsim tawm. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pa thiab huab cua ua rau kub kub tshaj plaws. Tag nrho ntim ntawm cov roj sib xyaw nce los ntawm lub thoob txiav txim siab qhov nplaim taws.
Koj tuaj yeem qhib lub qhov rooj me ntsis thiab lub qhov rooj cua kom tau txais qhov me me, nplaim hluav taws kub lossis koj tuaj yeem nce ob qhov dej ntws tib lub sijhawm kom tsim hluav taws kub kub
Ntu 3 ntawm 5: Qhib Lub Burner
Kauj Ruam 1. Nco ntsoov tias lub dab tshos nyob ze rau hauv qab ntawm lub thoob yog qhov chaw kom lub qhov rooj cua yuav luag kaw
Nrhiav qhov qhib hauv qab ntawm lub chimney thiab tig lub plhaub hlau sab nrauv (dab tshos) kom txog thaum lub qhov raug kaw. Qhov no yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias nplaim taws yog qhov txias tshaj thaum cov pa taws (hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb).
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj lub valve muab khoom siv hauv cheeb tsam raug kaw thiab lub chaw kuaj kab mob tseem ceeb tau ua haujlwm
Tus kov yuav tsum yog sib npaug rau txoj kab ntawm cov pa roj thiab sib dhos rau lub qhov hluav taws xob.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kaw lub koob rab koob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov cub
Nco ntsoov tias nws tau kaw nruj nreem.
- Koj yuav tsum teeb pom kev sib tw lossis npaj koj tus neeg tua rog npaj thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhib cov pa ntws tawm (tuav tau ua ke nrog cov kab roj) thiab qhib lub pob valve me ntsis. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias, thaum xub thawj, qhov hluav taws yuav me me.
- Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los teeb lub hlawv yog nrog tus ntaus. Cov cuab yeej no siv lub teeb sib zog ua hlau los tsim hluav taws.
- Xyaum sparking kom txog thaum koj tuaj yeem tsim lub zog muaj zog nrog txhua qhov mob stroke. Thawb lub pob zeb raws qhov "ntxuav tais diav" thaum thawb. Nws yuav txhawb koj kom ua kom muaj zog txaws. Xyaum kom txog thaum koj muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog txaws nrog txhua qhov kev sim. Tam sim no koj npaj tau qhib lub qhov hluav taws kub.
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhib lub qhov rooj pa hauv zos los ntawm kev tig tus tes tuav kom nws tau sib haum (sib dhos) mus rau lub qhov hluav taws xob
Koj yuav tsum tsis tau hnov lub suab nrov ntawm cov pa ntawm qhov no. Yog tias koj hnov nws, tua cov pa tam sim thiab kaw lub qhov rooj rab koob los ntawm kev tig nws raws lub moos. Qhib cov pa roj hauv zos dua thiab xyuas kom koj tus neeg tua rog tau npaj txhij.
Kauj Ruam 5. Qhib rab koob lub qhov hauv qab ntawm lub qhov hluav taws kub kom txog thaum koj hnov cov pa roj tawm tuaj
Kauj Ruam 6. Tuav koj tus neeg sib tw me ntsis (1-2 "lossis 3-5cm) saum toj ntawm lub thoob thiab nyem tus ntaus kom tsim lub txim taws
Thaum lub qhov hluav taws kub tau qhib, txuag tus ntaus.
Yog tias koj tsis muaj tus tawm tsam, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov sib tw lossis cov teeb (uas yog pov tseg). Ua ntej tso cov pa roj, taws koj lub teeb thiab tuav nws deb ntawm lub qhov cub, me ntsis rau sab. Qhib cov roj, tom qab ntawd nqa lub qhov hluav taws xob mus rau sab ntawm cov pa roj/kem. Thaum qhov hluav taws kub dhau lawm, tso koj cov ntais ntawv/teeb. Cia cov ntais ntawv txias tag, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tso lawv rau ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum
Ntu 4 ntawm 5: Tswj Cov Hluav Taws
Kauj Ruam 1. Lub koob rab koob nyob hauv qab ntawm Bunser burner kho cov pa roj ntws mus thiab, thaum kawg, txiav txim siab qhov nplaim taws siab
Qhib lossis kaw lub koob txhaj tshuaj kom tau cov nplaim hluav taws kom haum rau txoj haujlwm ntawm tes. Nco tseg: Lub koob rab koob yog qhov siv los nce lossis txo cov pa ntws, tsis yog lub valve kaw cov kab hauv cheeb tsam.
Txhawm rau kho qhov siab qhov nplaim taws, tswj cov pa roj ntws los ntawm kev qhib lossis kaw lub koob rab koob. Roj ntau yuav ua rau nplaim taws loj dua qub; roj tsawg, cua sov tsawg
Kauj Ruam 2. Lub dab tshis tswj cov cua nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob (chav sib xyaw) thiab, thaum kawg, txiav txim siab qhov nplaim taws kub
Kho lub dab tshos kom tsis muaj cua nkag mus rau hauv qhov txias tshaj, hluav taws zoo tshaj lossis "tos" hluav taws. Thaum koj npaj kom sov qee yam, qhib lub qhov rooj cua kom txog thaum cov nplaim taws yog xim zoo. Qhov txias, xiav thiab yuav luag pob tshab daj yog qhov kub tshaj plaws.
Rau qhov kub kub, tig lub dab tshos hauv qab kom txog thaum qhib (lub qhov rooj cua) qhib dua. Kho kom txog thaum koj tau mus txog qhov xav tau cua sov
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas kub kom haum rau koj daim ntawv thov
- Thaum nyob rau qhov kub tshaj plaws, qee zaum qhov hluav taws kub hu ua "hluav taws tsawb" lossis "hluav taws ua haujlwm". Txhawm rau ua hluav taws xiav (hluav taws kub tshaj plaws), qhib lub dab tshos kom tso pa ntxiv rau hauv chav sib txuas. Lub qhov yuav tsum qhib kom tiav, lossis yuav luag qhib.
- Cov nplaim xiav kub heev (ib puag ncig 1500 C) thiab tsis pom yooj yim. Qhov no tuaj yeem yuav luag tsis pom ntawm qee qhov keeb kwm yav dhau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub kom kho qhov kub kom zoo dua
Yog tias koj qaij lub khob iav, piv txwv li, koj yuav sim ua kom lub nplaim hluav taws kub tshaj plaws thiab, tib lub sijhawm, tau txais lub nplaim taws nruab nrab, tom qab ntawd tso lub raj rau ze lossis sab xis ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov nplaim taws. Yog tias nws kub dhau, nqa lub thawv me ntsis dhau qhov txias txias oxidizing cua sov.
Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho uas koj yuav kawm los ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj li kev ruaj ntseg. Tsis ntev koj yuav kawm paub cov xim sib haum rau qhov kub thiab txias, yam tsawg kawg hauv tus txheeb ze thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig
Ntu 5 ntawm 5: Saib Xyuas thiab Ntxuav
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob tso lub Bunsen hlawv rau ntawm qhov tsis muaj neeg saib
Khaws koj lub qhov muag rau nws txhua lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm qee yam uas tsis koom nrog hluav taws, hloov nws mus rau qhov txias tshaj, hluav taws kub tshaj plaws (hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb) los ntawm tig lub dab tshos kom txog thaum lub qhov npog tag.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tua cov roj
Tua cov khoom siv hauv zos nrog lub valve tuav txoj haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig rau cov pa roj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tos kom txog thaum lub tshuab ua kom txias txias
Tsib feeb yog ntau tshaj li txaus, tab sis khaws lub qhov hluav taws kub tsuas yog nyob hauv qab. Txhim kho tus cwj pwm no.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kaw lub koob rab koob los ntawm kev tig nws raws lub moos
Lub valve yuav npaj rau kev siv tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nco ntsoov tias koj lub qhov cub thiab cov kav dej huv thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ua ntej koj muab tso rau hauv lub tub rau khoom
Thaum koj lub qhov hluav taws kub huv si thiab rab koob lub qhov rooj raug kaw, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog yuav raug txo. Nco ntsoov cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no.
Ceeb toom
- Siv hluav taws kom nyab xeeb lossis tua hluav taws thaum tsis siv.
- Nco ntsoov tua cov pa tawm thaum koj ua tiav siv lub tshuab hlawv.
- Saib xyuas txhua yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov cub tawg lossis hlawv hluav taws.
- yeej tsis tau kov cov nplaim taws lossis saum lub thoob. Kev kub nyhiab loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
