Apostrophes lossis cov cim hais tawm (') ua lus Askiv tau siv rau ob yam: los qhia qhov tsis suav ntawm qee tus lej lossis ntawv (sib cog lus) thiab qhia tias muaj (muaj). Cov cai rau kev siv cov ntawv sau sib txawv sib txawv nyob ntawm hom lus. Apostrophes pab ua kom koj cov ntawv sau luv, luv, thiab meej.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Apostrophes Qhia Possessives (Possessive Apostrophes)
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv tus ntawv luv los qhia tus tswv cuab los ntawm lub npe tsim nyog (lub npe uas qhia lub npe ntawm tus neeg tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw, lossis yam khoom)
Ib tsab ntawv nrog "s" tom qab lub npe tsim nyog qhia tias tus neeg, qhov chaw, lossis yam khoom muaj lub npe uas ua raws nws lub npe. Piv txwv li, "Mary's lemons." Peb paub cov txiv qaub yog Mary vim nws yog. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog "Tuam Tshoj txoj cai tswjfwm txawv tebchaws" thiab "tus kws ua yeeb yam hauv pawg".
Kev tuav nrog qee lub npe tuaj yeem ua rau me ntsis. "Hnub Sunday kev ncaws pob" tsis yog qhov raug (vim hnub Sunday tsis tuaj yeem yog tus tswv) tab sis nws zoo kawg nkaus lees txais los sau thiab hais. "Ib hnub ua haujlwm hnyav" kuj muaj tseeb, txawm hais tias hnub tsis tuaj yeem yog tus tswv
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom zoo ib yam thaum koj siv kab lus tom qab lo lus uas xaus nrog "s"
Yog tias ib tus neeg lub npe xaus rau hauv "s", siv cov lus piav qhia tsis muaj "s" yog qhov siv tau, tab sis cov kws txhais lus raws li Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv, nrog rau lwm tus, xaiv ntxiv "s" tom qab cov ntawv sau tseg.
- Nco tseg qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv siv:
- Ua tsaug: Jones lub tsev; Francis lub qhov rais; Enders tsev neeg.
- Zoo dua: Jones lub tsev; Francis lub qhov rais; Enders tsev neeg.
- Qhov kev sau ntawv twg koj siv, ua tau zoo ib yam. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem txoj cai twg koj thov, qhov tseem ceeb yog koj siv nws tas li.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv luv los qhia tus tswv thaum siv "nws"
Cov kab lus "Tuam Tshoj txoj cai txawv teb chaws" yog qhov raug, tab sis cia peb hais tus nyeem ntawv twb paub lawm tias koj tab tom tham txog Tuam Tshoj, thiab koj xav hloov lub tebchaws ntawd lub npe mus rau "nws". Yog tias koj xav xa mus rau qee yam uas Tuam Tshoj muaj los ntawm kev siv nws, sau "nws txoj cai txawv teb chaws".
Qhov no yog txhawm rau zam kev tsis meej pem ntawm "nws" uas yog siv rau tus tswv thiab "nws" uas yog siv rau kev cog lus ntawm "nws yog". Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias yuav siv tus ntawv tso tseg lossis tsis yog, tsuas yog sau "nws yog" lossis "nws muaj". Yog tias nws tsis nkag siab (piv txwv li "nws yog txoj cai txawv teb chaws" tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau "Tuam Tshoj txoj cai txawv teb chaws"), tsis txhob siv cov ntawv sau tseg
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv tus cim cim los qhia tus tswv cuab los ntawm ntau cov lus
Ib qho ntawm qhov ua yuam kev hauv kev siv cov lus luv rau ib pawg ntau ntxiv tshwm sim thaum peb xav tham txog yam twg yog tsev neeg. Piv txwv, hais tias Tsev Neeg Ntse nyob thoob plaws txoj kev ntawm koj lub tsev thiab muaj lub nkoj. Tom qab ntawv sau "Smarts 'nkoj", tsis yog "Smart's boat". Txij li thaum peb tab tom tham txog txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm Tsev Neeg Ntse, yog li pib nrog cov ntawv ntau "Smarts". Txij li txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm Tsev Neeg Ntse (tej zaum) yog tus tswv lub nkoj, ntxiv cov cim tom qab "s".
- Yog tias tsev neeg lub xeem lub npe xaus rau hauv "s," ua rau nws ntau dua ua ntej cov ntawv sau tseg. Piv txwv li, tsev neeg Williams dhau los ua "Williamses" hauv ntau ntau. Txhawm rau xa lawv tus dev, sau "Williamses 'aub". Yog tias lub xeem no xav tias txawv txawv los hais li ntawd, tsuas yog hais "Tsev neeg Williams" thiab "tsev neeg Williams tsev neeg dev".
- Yog tias ntau dua ib tus neeg muaj lub hom phiaj, paub tias yuav tso tus cim tseg qhov twg. Piv txwv li, yog tias John thiab Mary ob leeg muaj miv, sau "John thiab Mary's cat" hloov "John's thiab Mary's cat", "John thiab Mary" yog cov lus hais ua lus, yog li tsuas xav tau ib kab lus luv xwb.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Zam Kev Siv Apostrophes rau Plural Forms
Kauj Ruam 1. Feem ntau, tsis txhob siv cov ntawv luv los qhia ntau yam
Kev siv cov kab lus tsis raug yog hu ua tus neeg muag khoom ntsuab 'apostrophe', vim tias cov neeg lag luam hauv tebchaws Askiv hais lus feem ntau siv cov lus tsis raug. Yog tias koj muaj ntau dua ib lub kua, sau ' txiv apples, tsis ' kua txiv '.
- Qhov kev zam rau txoj cai no yog thaum koj xav ua ib tsab ntawv ntau tshaj. Piv txwv li, Vim li cas thiaj muaj coob leej kuv yog nyob rau hauv lo lus "indivisibility" '?' yog qhov tseeb, nyob ntawm tus neeg koj nug. Qhov no tsuas yog rau qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov meej, yog li cov nyeem tsis yuam kev nws rau "yog." Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv niaj hnub no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom khiav tawm cov ntawv sau tseg thiab hais tawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb ua ntej ua nws ntau ntau: Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau ntau "kuv" hauv lo lus "tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam"?
- Rau tus lej me, qhov sau raug yog: "ib" tsis yog "1's", "fours" hloov "4's", lossis "nines" hloov "9's". Cov lus nrog cov lej los ntawm kaum thiab hauv qab no tsuas yog sau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub siv cov lus piav qhia luv luv thiab xyoo
Hais tias koj siv cov ntawv luv rau cov npe, xws li. Txhawm rau ua ntau ntau ntawm CD, sau "CDs", tsis yog "CD's". Tib txoj cai siv rau xyoo. Tsis txhob sau "Spandex tau nrov nyob rau xyoo 1980", siv "80s".
Apostrophes tuaj yeem siv tau rau xyoo tsuas yog tias lawv qhia tias tsis suav tus lej. Piv txwv, yog tias peb xav sau luv xyoo 2005, peb tuaj yeem sau '05. Hauv qhov no, cov ntawv sau cia pib ua haujlwm zoo li kev cog lus uas ua haujlwm kom luv
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Siv Apostrophes hauv kev cog lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov kab lus luv hauv qhov sib txuam
Qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sau tsis raug ua lus Askiv, siv cov lus sau tseg los qhia tias ib lossis ntau lo lus tau raug tso tseg. Piv txwv li, lo lus "tsis" sawv rau "tsis ua"; lwm qhov piv txwv yog "tsis yog," "tsis yuav," thiab "tsis tuaj yeem". Kev cog lus kuj tuaj yeem ua nrog cov lus qhia "yog," "muaj," thiab "muaj". Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem sau "Nws tab tom mus kawm ntawv" es tsis yog "Nws yuav mus kawm ntawv", lossis "Nws tau poob qhov kev ua si" es tsis yog "Nws tau poob qhov kev ua si".
Kauj Ruam 2. Ceev faj ntawm nws/nws qhov tsis zoo
Siv cov lus piav qhia tom qab "nws" tsuas yog koj xav qhia qhov kev cog lus rau "nws yog" lossis "nws muaj". ' nws ' yog cov lus tshaj tawm (pronoun), thiab cov lus muaj nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj uas tsis siv tus ntawv sau tseg. Piv txwv li, "Lub suab nrov ntawd? Nws yog tsuas yog tus dev noj nws pob txha ". Qhov no yuav zoo li tsis meej pem, tab sis tus qauv zoo ib yam li lwm daim ntawv muaj lub npe: nws, nws, nws, koj li, peb li, lawv li.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv cog lus uas tsis muaj nyob hauv phau ntawv txhais lus
Coob leej neeg siv kev cog lus tsis raws cai xws li "yuav tsum tsis tau" lossis "yuav tsum". Cov no tsis yog kev cog lus tiag tiag, yog li zam kev siv lawv hauv kev sau ntawv raug. Lwm qhov yuam kev kom zam yog siv lub npe hauv kev cog lus. Piv txwv, yog tias koj siv "Bob's" raws li cov ntawv luv ntawm "Bob yog", qhov no tsis raug. "Bob's" yog daim ntawv muaj tswv, tsis yog kev cog lus. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus hais rau kev cog lus xws li "nws" lossis "nws".
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Sau Apostrophes hauv Cursive Print
Kauj Ruam 1. Thaum sau ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, ib txwm txuas tsab ntawv tom qab tus kab lus nrog lwm tsab ntawv
Piv txwv: thaum koj sau nws yog, sau nws ua ntej ces ntxiv cov cim tseg.
Lub tswv yim
- Thaum ua xyem xyav, nco ntsoov nco qab tias cov ntawv sau yuav luag txhua zaus siv hauv cov npe los qhia kev muaj. Zam kev siv cov ntawv luv rau lwm yam.
- Txog cov npe uas tsis tau xaus hauv "s", Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv ntxiv "s" tom qab cov lus hais tseg, zoo li hauv "Charles lub tsheb kauj vab". Yog tias koj muaj txoj haujlwm uas xav kom koj ua raws ib qho ntawm cov cai, ua nws zoo li ntawd. Txwv tsis pub, lwm cov ntawv kuj tseem siv tau yog tias koj siv lawv tas li thaum koj sau ntawv.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cov Qauv los ntawm Strunk thiab Dawb yog cov lus qhia me me thiab nqa tau mus rau kev sau thiab cim kab lus. Ib txwm nqa phau ntawv no nrog koj thaum koj sau thiab qhib nws yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog kev siv cov cim sau tseg.
Ceeb toom
- Yog tias lo lus xaus hauv "y", xws li "sim", ceev faj hloov qhov lus qhia no. Piv txwv li, "sim" tsis hloov mus rau "sim". Qhov tseeb yog " Sim ".
- Kev siv cov ntawv luv ua qhov tsis zoo qhia tias tus sau tsis nkag siab cov cai hais txog kev muaj, kev cog lus, thiab ntau ntxiv. Thaum tsis ntseeg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso tseg kev siv cov ntawv sau tseg.
- Tsis txhob siv cov lus luv los yog cov cim hais kom ua. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv tshaj tawm nyeem: Joe Schmo, tus tswv tsev "zoo tshaj" hauv nroog! Qhov no yuav ua rau lo lus "zoo tshaj" zoo li sarcastic thiab tsis muaj tseeb ntau dua li hais txog.
- Tsis txhob siv cov lus luv luv rau cov npe hauv cov ntawv cim chaw nyob. Yog tias lub xeem yog "Greenwood," qhov sau raug yog " Lub Greenwoods ", hos" cov Greenwood "tsis muaj tseeb." Greenwoods "qhia txog chaw nyob ntau dua ib tus neeg nrog lub xeem lub npe Greenwood, tsis yog tswv cuab.
- Tsis txhob sau "Nws li." Nws tsis nyob hauv phau ntawv txhais lus, ib yam li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sau "nws". Nco ntsoov tias cov lus muaj tswv yim tsis xav tau cov lus piav qhia: nws, nws, nws, koj li, peb li, lawv li.
