Muaj ntau txoj cai thiab cov lus qhia tswj kev siv cov qauv sau ua lus Askiv, ua rau ntau tus neeg pom qhov kev kawm no txaus ntshai. Cov qauv sau ntawv yog txheej txheem nyuaj, yog li ua ntej koj kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj sau tau zoo lossis hais lus Askiv, koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov qauv sau ntawv uas yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm cov ntawv nyuaj. Nrog lub sijhawm txaus, siv dag zog thiab xyaum ua, thaum kawg koj yuav kawm tau cov qauv lus Askiv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Ntu Ib: Kawm Cov Qauv ntawm Qib "Lo Lus"
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm qhov feem ntawm kev hais lus
Txhua lo lus hauv Askiv tuaj yeem raug cais ua ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus. Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus tsis txhais hais tias lo lus yog dab tsi, tab sis piav qhia nws siv li cas.
- npe yog lub npe, nws tuaj yeem yog ib tus neeg, qhov chaw, lossis yam khoom. Piv txwv: pog, tsev kawm ntawv, xaum
- Lub npe yog lub npe ntawm lub npe hauv kab lus. Piv txwv: nws, nws, lawv
- Tshooj lus yog lo lus tshwj xeeb uas pib lub npe hauv kab lus. Peb kab lus no yog: a, an, the
- adjective lossis adjectives hloov lossis piav qhia cov npe thiab/lossis cov lus qhia. Piv txwv: liab, siab
- Lus qhia yog lus qhia, uas piav qhia txog kev nqis tes ua lossis xwm txheej. Piv txwv: ua, khiav, tsaug zog
- Adverb yog adverb, uas hloov lossis piav qhia cov lus qhia. Adverbs kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los hloov adjectives. Piv txwv: zoo siab, zoo kawg nkaus
- Kev sib txuas muab ob ntu ntawm kab lus. Piv txwv: thiab, tab sis
- Kev npaj ua ntej siv ua ke nrog cov npe lossis cov lus qhia los tsim cov kab lus uas hloov pauv lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus, xws li lus qhia, npe, npe, lossis adjectives. Piv txwv: nce, nqis, ntawm, los ntawm
- Kev hais tawm yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam uas qhia txog lub siab lub ntsws. Piv txwv: wow, oh, nyob zoo
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm cov cai uas tswj hwm txhua feem ntawm kev hais lus kom ntxaws
Feem ntau ntawm kev hais lus muaj cov cai ntxiv hais txog kev siv lawv. Yog tias koj xav kawm cov qauv lus Askiv, koj yuav tsum kawm cov cai no kom ntxaws. Ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no raws li cov ntaub ntawv kawm:
- Cov npe ntawm cov npe yog: ib leeg (ib leeg) lossis ntau (plural), tsim nyog (tshwj xeeb) lossis ib txwm (dav dav), koom ua ke (koom ua ke), suav tau (suav tau) lossis suav tsis tau (suav tsis tau), paub daws teeb (paub daws teeb) lossis qhob (qhob), thiab gerund
- Hom kev hais lus yog: tus kheej (rorang), muaj tswv cuab (muaj tswv yim), xav tau (xav tau), mob siab rau (mob siab rau), rov qab sib tham (rov qab sib tham / rov ua dua), tsis muaj hnub kawg (tsis muaj hnub kawg), ua pov thawj (taw qhia), nug (nug), lossis txheeb ze (txheeb ze/txuas)
- Adjectives tuaj yeem siv ib leeg, rau kev sib piv, lossis ua superlatives.
- Adverbs tuaj yeem ua piv txwv adverbs lossis adverbs ntawm zaus.
- Kev sib txuas tuaj yeem yog kev sib koom tes (sib koom tes) lossis sib cuam tshuam (sib txheeb).
- Hom ntawm cov lus qhia yog: kev qhia ua lus lossis txuas cov lus qhia, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis pabcuam/pabcuam qhia
- Cov kab lus "a" thiab "an" tsis muaj qhov kawg, thaum "the" yog qhov tseeb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub sau cov cim cim
Cov lej cim nrog ib tus lej (xoom mus rau cuaj) yuav tsum tau sau ua daim ntawv, thaum cov cim rau tus lej nrog ob tus lej (10 thiab ntxiv rau) yuav tsum tau sau ua tus lej.
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Txhua tus cim tus lej hauv kab lus yuav tsum sau ua ntawv lossis sau ua lej. Tsis txhob sib xyaw.
- Piv txwv raug: Kuv yuav 14 txiv apples tab sis kuv tus muam tsuas yog yuav 2 txiv apples.
- Piv txwv tsis raug: Kuv yuav 14 txiv apples tab sis kuv tus muam tsuas yog yuav ob lub txiv apples.
- Nws tsis raug tso cai sau tus lej cim hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus lej thaum pib kab lus.
- Cov zauv yooj yooj yim yuav tsum tau sau ua cov tsiaj ntawv thiab siv cov cim sau cim tseg. Piv txwv: ib nrab
- Cov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem sau ua lej. Piv txwv: 5 1/2
- Sau cov lej los ua zauv. Piv txwv: 0.92
- Siv tus lej thaum sau cov cim lej nrog plaub lossis ntau tus lej. Piv txwv: 1,234, 567
- Sau daim ntawv zauv thaum sau hnub tim. Piv txwv: Lub Rau Hli 1
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Ntu Ob: Kawm Cov Qauv Lus Askiv ntawm Qib "Kab Lus"
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub tsim kab lus yooj yim
Tsawg kawg, txhua kab lus muaj cov ncauj lus thiab kev nqis tes ua. Kab lus uas tsis muaj ib ntawm lawv hu ua kab lus tawg lossis kab lus tsis tiav thiab suav tias tsis raug.
- Cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog lub npe lossis lub npe, thiab qhov kev txiav txim tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia.
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Piv txwv raug: Tus dev khiav.
Nco ntsoov tias cov ntsiab lus tau cim ua tus loj thiab ua tau zoo
- Piv txwv tsis raug: tav su nag hmo.
- Tsim koj cov kab lus rau hauv cov ntawv nyuaj ntau dua thaum koj paub qhov hom ntawv yooj yim no.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob hnov qab cov lus-hais lus pom zoo
Hauv kab lus, cov ncauj lus thiab lub npe yuav tsum siv tib yam nkaus/ntau yam xwm txheej. Peb tsis tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia nrog cov ncauj lus ntau ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus ntau yuav tsum tau ua khub nrog cov lus qhia ntau.
- Piv txwv raug: Lawv yog tom tsev kawm ntawv.
- Piv txwv tsis raug: Lawv yog tom tsev kawm ntawv.
- Thaum ob lub ntsiab lus sib txuas nrog lo lus "thiab" (nws thiab nws tus tij laug), lawv dhau los ua ntau tus. Thaum txuas los ntawm "lossis" lossis "tsis yog" (nws lossis nws tus tij laug), qhov kev kawm tseem nyob ib leeg.
- Cov npe ua ke, xws li tsev neeg lossis pab pawg, raug kho raws li cov npe thiab siv cov lus qhia ua lus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim kab lus ua ke
Cov kab lus ua ke yog cov kab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws rau tus tswv tom qab kab lus yooj yim. Siv kev sib txuas ua ke los ua ob kab lus cuam tshuam rau hauv ib kab lus tsis txhob tsim ob kab lus cais.
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Hloov chaw: Tus dev khiav. Nws tau nrawm.
Siv: Tus dev khiav thiab nws tau nrawm
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Hloov chaw: Peb saib rau phau ntawv uas ploj lawm. Peb nrhiav tsis tau nws.
Siv: Peb nrhiav phau ntawv uas ploj lawm tab sis tsis pom nws
Kauj Ruam 4. Xyaum siv kab lus raws txoj cai
Cov kab lus muaj cai piav qhia qhov xwm txheej uas ib feem ntawm kab lus yog qhov tseeb tsuas yog tias lwm qhov yog qhov tseeb. Cov kab lus no tseem tuaj yeem raug hu ua "yog tias yog nqe lus", tab sis lo lus "tom qab" tsis tshwm nyob hauv kab lus.
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Piv txwv: Yog koj nug koj niam, ces nws yuav coj koj mus rau tom khw.
- Daim ntawv ceeb toom, nws tseem yuav muaj tseeb yog tias peb sau: Yog koj nug koj niam, nws yuav coj koj mus rau tom khw.
- Ob daim ntawv yog muaj cai.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab yuav siv clauses li cas
Siv cov kab lus los tsim cov kab lus nyuaj. Clauses yog "tsev thaiv" uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim kab lus dhau ntawm nws daim ntawv yooj yim. Muaj ob hom clauses hauv lus Askiv, uas yog cov lus ywj pheej (cov ntsiab lus pub dawb) thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob ib puag ncig (cov lus cog tseg).
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Ib nqe lus ywj pheej muaj nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus thiab lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg ua kab lus. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab lus sib txuas, raws li tau hais ua ntej, tau tsim los ntawm cov lus ywj pheej.
- Piv txwv: Nws tu siab, tab sis nws cov phooj ywg zoo siab nws.
- Ob nqe lus "nws zoo siab" thiab "nws cov phooj ywg zoo siab rau nws" tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg raws li kab lus cais.
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Txoj cai nyob tsis tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg ua kab lus.
- Piv txwv: Thaum nws pom zoo nrog nws tus nus, tus tub yuav tsis lees paub nws.
- Cov nqe lus "Thaum nws pom zoo nrog nws tus tij laug" tsis nkag siab raws li kab lus cais, yog li nws yog ib nqe lus uas xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Kawm cov cim cim tseg
Ntau cov cim cim cim nrog rau ntau txoj cai tswj hwm lawv kev siv. Koj yuav tsum tau kawm cov cai no kom ntxaws, tab sis ua ntej koj xav tau kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm yuav siv li cas ntawm cov cim cim cim tseg no.
- Taw tes (.) cim qhov kawg ntawm kab lus kab lus.
- Ellipsis (…) qhia tias muaj qhov tsis suav nrog hauv kab lus.
- Coma (,) cais cov lus lossis pab pawg ntawm cov lus thaum ncua kev xav tau.
- Semicolon (;) yuav tsum siv cov kab lus nyuaj uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas.
- Colon (:) yog siv los qhia cov npe hauv kab lus.
- Cov lus nug cim (?) yog siv tom kawg ntawm kab lus nug.
- Exclamation mark (!) yog siv qhov kawg ntawm kab lus tshaj tawm los qhia kev xav tsis thoob lossis qhov tseem ceeb.
- Ob nqe lus (") cais cov lus hais los ntawm ib tus neeg los ntawm lwm cov ntawv.
- Cov nkhaus () muab cov ntaub ntawv uas piav qhia txog lub tswv yim dhau los.
- Apostrophe (') cais kev sib cais thiab qhia txog kev muaj.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Ntu Peb: Kawm Cov Qauv Lus Askiv ntawm "Kab lus" thiab "Nthuav Qhia" Qib
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm kab lus
Cov kab lus pib muaj peb txog xya kab lus. Txhua kab lus yuav tsum muaj kab lus kab lus, kab lus txhawb nqa, thiab kab lus xaus.
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Cov kab lus kab lus feem ntau yog thawj kab lus hauv kab lus. Nov yog kab lus nquag tshaj plaws thiab nthuav qhia lub tswv yim uas yuav tham txog thoob plaws kab lus.
Piv txwv: Cov qauv lus Askiv yog cov ncauj lus nyuaj uas npog ntau yam ntaub ntawv
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Kab lus txhawb nqa piav qhia cov tswv yim nthuav tawm hauv kab lus tseem ceeb kom ntxaws.
Piv txwv: Cov qauv lus Askiv yog cov ncauj lus nyuaj uas npog ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Hauv qib "lo lus", ib tus yuav tsum kawm txog qee feem ntawm kev hais lus. Hauv qib "kab lus", cov ncauj lus zoo li kab lus kab lus, kev hais lus/lus pom zoo, thiab nqe lus yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav. Cov cai tswj hwm kev siv cov cim cim tseem yog ib feem ntawm "kab lus" qib kev sau ntawv. Thaum ib tus neeg pib sau daim ntawv loj dua, nws lossis nws tseem yuav tsum kawm txog cov qauv kab lus thiab lub koom haum.
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Ib kab lus xaus xaus cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv kab lus. Nws tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum paub sau nws li cas.
Piv txwv: Cov qauv lus Askiv yog cov ncauj lus nyuaj uas npog ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Hauv qib "lo lus", ib tus yuav tsum kawm txog qee feem ntawm kev hais lus. Hauv qib "kab lus", cov ncauj lus zoo li kab lus kab lus, kev hais lus/lus pom zoo, thiab nqe lus yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav. Cov cai tswj hwm kev siv cov cim cim tseem yog ib feem ntawm "kab lus" qib kev sau ntawv. Thaum ib tus neeg pib sau daim ntawv loj dua, nws lossis nws tseem yuav tsum kawm txog cov qauv kab lus thiab lub koom haum. Txhua txoj cai no teev tseg thiab piav qhia yuav sau lus Askiv li cas kom raug.
- Tseem nco ntsoov tias thawj kab lus ntawm kab lus yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau ntau qhov chaw.
Kauj Ruam 2. Hloov cov kab lus hauv kab lus
Cov txheej txheem, koj tuaj yeem sau cov kab lus uas siv cov kab lus yooj yim xwb, tab sis cov kab lus zoo dua nrog cov lus zoo siab muaj ntau yam kab lus yooj yim thiab nyuaj.
- Piv txwv raug: Kuv hlub kuv miv. Nws muaj mos, txiv kab ntxwv plaub. Nyob rau hnub txias, nws nyiam puag kuv ib sab kom sov. Kuv xav tias kuv tus miv yog miv loj tshaj plaws, thiab kuv zoo siab heev tau muaj nws.
- Piv txwv tsis raug: Kuv hlub kuv tus miv. Nws yog txiv kab ntxwv. Nws cov plaub mos mos. Nws puag kuv ib sab thaum hnub txias. Kuv miv yog miv loj tshaj. Kuv zoo siab heev tau muaj nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim kom ntev tshaj tawm
Thaum koj xis nyob nrog koj cov txuj ci sau ntawv, sim sau ntev dua, xws li kev sau ntawv kawm. Kev sau ntawv yog ib qho kev kawm cais, yog li koj yuav tsum tau kawm nws kom ntxaws. Tsis tas li muaj qee qhov koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum pib.
- Sau ib tsab ntawv los ntawm kev sau ib kab lus pib, peb lossis ntau nqe lus sib tham, thiab ib nqe lus xaus.
- Cov kab lus pib yuav tsum yog kab lus dav dav uas nthuav tawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yam tsis mus qhia ntxaws. Cov kab lus sib tham yuav tsum txhim kho lub tswv yim tseem ceeb no kom ntxaws, nrog txhua kab lus hais txog qhov sib txawv. Cov kab lus kaw rov hais dua thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm hauv kab lus thiab tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Ntu Plaub: Kawm Ntxiv
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias qhov no tsuas yog pib xwb
Cov cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus no tsis qhia koj txhua yam koj xav paub txog kev sau ntawv. Kab lus no yog npaj muab cov ntaub ntawv los ua qhov pib rau koj kawm. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus Askiv txhais lus tau nyuaj dua thiab xav tau sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog yog tias koj xav kawm nws tiag.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sib piv cov cai sau ntawv
Yog tias koj tab tom kawm lus Askiv ua lus txawv teb chaws, sib piv cov cai hauv kev sau ntawv Askiv nrog rau kev sau ntawv Askiv. Qee qhov yuav zoo ib yam thaum lwm yam yuav txawv.
- Yog tias cov cai zoo ib yam, vam khom koj qhov kev paub ntawm cov ntawv sau ua lus Indonesian los pab koj nkag siab cov lus Askiv.
- Yog tias cov kev cai sib txawv, siv sijhawm ntau dua thiab xyaum ua cov ntsiab lus raws li koj kawm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nyeem ntau
Cov neeg uas nyeem ntau yuav zoo dua siv cov qauv sau ntawv hauv lawv cov ntawv thiab hais lus.
- Koj tsis tas yuav tau nyeem phau ntawv sau ua qauv. Phau ntawv no muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis lwm qhov chaw kuj tseem siv ua cov ntaub ntawv kawm.
- Nyeem phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv sau ua lus Askiv uas koj nyiam. Ib txwm, koj nyeem ntau dua, paub ntau dua koj yuav dhau los nrog kev siv cov qauv lus li cas ntawm kab lus, kab lus, thiab qib kab lus. Kev kawm cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv Askiv yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb, tab sis koj yuav muaj peev xwm xyaum tau zoo dua yog tias koj tau coj mus rau tus cwj pwm nyeem ntawv kom raug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm hoob Askiv
Yog tias koj tseem nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nrhiav kev qhia lus Askiv lossis cov hauv kev kawm ntxiv hauv koj lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog tias koj tsis yog tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv lawm, txiav txim siab kawm chav kawm lus Askiv ntawm tsev kawm qib siab lossis lus Askiv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav chav kawm online.
Nrhiav cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm lus Askiv ua hom lus thib ob lossis txawv teb chaws. Cov chav kawm no feem ntau yog sau ua ESL (Lus Askiv ua Yam Lus Thib Ob), EFL (Lus Askiv ua Lwm Yam Lus), lossis ESOL (Lus Askiv rau Hais Lus Lwm Yam Lus)
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav tus kws qhia
Yog tias chav kawm raug cai tsis pab, nrhiav tus kws qhia uas tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov cai sau ntawv nrog koj tus kheej. Tus kws cob qhia no tuaj yeem yog tus kws qhia ntawv, tus xibfwb qhia ntawv, lossis tus kws qhia paub tshaj lij. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog niam txiv, kwv tij, phooj ywg, lossis lwm tus txheeb ze uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm Askiv thiab txaus siab pab.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tshawb nrhiav lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv koj tus kheej
Mus rau tom lub khw muag khoom thiab yuav phau ntawv qhia ua lus Askiv yooj yim, lossis mus hauv online thiab nrhiav qee cov peev txheej lus Askiv dawb.
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Feem ntau, nrhiav cov peev txheej hauv internet uas los ntawm cov vev xaib kev kawm (.edu). Raws li:
- Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Qauv thiab Sau Los ntawm Capital Community College Foundation (https://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/)
- Purdue University's Online Lab Lab (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/5/)
Kauj Ruam 7. Xyaum Ua
Xyaum ua kom tiav. Qhov ntau koj xyaum ua cov qauv lus Askiv, koj paub zoo dua.
