Electrons yog qhov tsis zoo hais txog cov khoom uas ua ib feem ntawm atom. Txhua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tsim los ntawm electrons, protons, thiab neutron. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg yog lub peev xwm los nrhiav cov naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv ib qho atom. Siv cov lus teev sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pom yooj yim. Lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons thiab valence electrons (tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nrauv) hauv ib qho.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Tus Zauv Cov Hluav Taws Xob hauv Qhov Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav lub rooj ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus
Lub rooj sijhawm yog lub rooj xim-xim uas teev tag nrho cov khoom paub raws li lawv cov qauv atomic. Txhua lub ntsiab lus muaj cov ntawv luv uas suav nrog 1, 2, lossis 3 tus ntawv thiab tau sau nrog nws qhov hnyav thiab tus lej atomic.
Lub sijhawm ntawv tuaj yeem tshawb tau yooj yim hauv phau ntawv tshuaj lom neeg lossis online
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav lub ntsiab lus nug ntawm lub rooj sijhawm
Cov ntsiab lus tau npaj los ntawm tus lej atomic thiab cais ua peb pawg loj: hlau, tsis yog hlau, thiab metalloids (semimetals). Cov ntsiab lus no tau muab cais ua pawg tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov hlau alkali, halogens, thiab cov pa nkev siab. Txhua kab ntawv hauv lub rooj hu ua pawg thiab txhua kab hu ua lub sijhawm.
- Yog tias koj paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj lub hauv paus xws li nws pab pawg lossis sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem pom nws yooj yim dua.
- Yog tias koj tsis paub dab tsi txog cov ntsiab lus hauv nqe lus nug, saib nws lub cim hauv lub rooj kom txog thaum koj pom nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav tus lej atomic ntawm ib lub ntsiab
Tus lej atomic yog nyob rau ntawm kaum sab laug, saum lub cim cim hauv lub npov. Tus lej atomic qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm protons nyob hauv ib lub caij. Protons yog cov khoom hauv cov khoom uas muaj tus nqi zoo. Txij li cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj qhov tsis zoo, thaum lub hauv paus nyob hauv lub xeev nruab nrab, lub hauv paus muaj cov lej sib npaug ntawm protons thiab electrons.
Piv txwv li, boron (B) muaj tus lej atomic ntawm 5. Ntawd yog, nws muaj 5 protons thiab 5 electrons
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Tus Zauv Cov Hluav Taws Xob hauv Qhov Zoo/Tsis Zoo Them Ion
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav tus nqi ntawm cov ion
Kev ntxiv lossis tshem tawm cov electrons los ntawm atom tsis hloov nws tus kheej, tab sis hloov nws cov nqi. Hauv qhov no, tam sim no koj muaj cov ion zoo li K+, CaJ2+, los yog N.3-. Feem ntau, tus nqi raug sau ua tus lej tsawg rau sab xis ntawm lub cim atomic.
- Txij li cov electrons muaj tus nqi tsis zoo, thaum koj ntxiv cov electrons, cov ion dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.
- Thaum koj poob hluav taws xob, cov ions dhau los ua qhov zoo dua.
- Piv txwv li, N.3- muaj -3 nqi, thaum Ca2+ muaj tus nqi ntawm +2.
Kauj Ruam 2. Rho tawm tus nqi los ntawm nws tus lej atomic yog tias cov ion muaj tus nqi zoo
Yog hais tias tus nqi yog qhov zoo, ion poob electrons. Txhawm rau nrhiav tus lej ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab laug, rho tag nrho cov nqi los ntawm tus lej atomic. Hauv qhov no, muaj cov protons ntau dua li cov hluav taws xob.
Piv txwv li, Ca2+ muaj +2 tus nqi yog li cov ion muaj 2 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg dua li qhov nruab nrab calcium atom. Tus lej atomic ntawm calcium yog 20 yog li cov ion no muaj 18 electrons.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv tus nqi rau tus lej atomic yog tias tus nqi tsis zoo
Yog tias tus nqi tsis zoo, cov ion tau txais electrons. Txhawm rau nrhiav tus lej ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, ntxiv tus nqi tag nrho rau tus lej atomic. Hauv qhov no, muaj cov protons tsawg dua li cov hluav taws xob.
Piv txwv li, N.3- muaj tus nqi ntawm -3. Ntawd yog, lub atom muaj 3 lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov nruab nrab nitrogen atom. Tus lej atomic ntawm nitrogen yog 7 yog li cov ion no muaj 10 electrons.
Yam ntsig txog wikiHow Kab Lus
- Nrhiav Valence Electrons
- Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom
- Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Protons, Neutrons, thiab Electrons
