Tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) yog tshuaj siv los ua tshuaj kho mob lossis pab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab txo cov tsos mob hauv cov neeg uas quav yeeb quav tshuaj xws li yeeb dawb. Txoj kev ua tshuaj txiav yeeb ua haujlwm yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb teb rau qhov mob. Qhov no txo qhov mob los ntawm cov tsos mob thim rov qab. Raws li cov tshuaj muaj zog uas tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais nrog kws kho mob daim ntawv xaj, tshuaj txiav yeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim li kws kho mob tau qhia kom koj tsis txhob muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj lossis lwm yam kev phom sij tsis zoo.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Noj Tshuaj Txiav Tshuaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Tham nrog kws kho mob
Yog tias koj txaus siab siv tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) los pab nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, ua ntej tham nrog kws kho mob kom xam phaj thiab kuaj lub cev. Methadone feem ntau yog muab los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm hu ua Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program (PTRM), thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob muaj ntawv tso cai. Yog li, yog tias koj poob rau hauv cov qeb kev suav nrog, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob txhua 24-36 teev kom tau txais koj li koob tshuaj.
- Qhov ntev ntawm kev kho tshuaj txiav yeeb tshuaj txawv, tab sis feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 12 lub hlis. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg mob uas xav tau kev kho mob ntau xyoo.
- Methadone feem ntau yog muab los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, hauv ntsiav tshuaj, hmoov, lossis ua kua.
- Ib koob tshuaj methadone tsis pub ntau tshaj 80-100 mg ib hnub. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no kav ntev li ntawm 12-36 teev, nyob ntawm tus neeg siv lub hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav, qib kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, thiab ua siab ntev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tham txog qhov muaj peev xwm siv tshuaj txiav yeeb nyob hauv tsev
Tom qab qhov tsawg kawg ntawm ob lub hlis ntawm kev siv tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) tas mus li, koj yuav tau txais cov tshuaj ntau dua coj los tsev thiab noj ntawm koj tus kheej. Koj tseem yuav tsum tau mus rau tom tsev kho mob rau kev sab laj thiab rooj sib tham txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis tsawg kawg koj yuav nyob dawb ntawm lub tsev kho mob me ntsis. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog coj los ntawm kws kho mob lossis chaw MMT, thiab yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kws kho mob kev ntseeg siab thiab cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg zoo uas qhia tau tias muaj kev ntseeg zoo los ua haujlwm ua ke thiab tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj.
- Cov chaw kho mob feem ntau muab cov kua tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) rau cov neeg mob. Yuav nqa mus tsev, feem ntau yuav muab tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) ua cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis hmoov.
- Tsis txhob muab tshuaj methadone rau lwm tus neeg. Muab lossis muag tshuaj txiav yeeb yog ua txhaum cai.
- Khaws koj cov tshuaj txiav yeeb rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj menyuam yaus.
- Methadone tsis muab rau hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj hauv chaw kho mob lossis los ntawm kws kho mob uas tuaj koom lub tsev. Cov neeg siv tshuaj txiav yeeb tshuaj txhaum cai qee zaum siv tshuaj txiav yeeb dawb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob hloov qhov koob tshuaj
Kev siv tshuaj txiav yeeb feem ntau yog ua raws lub cev qhov hnyav thiab lub cev ua rau muaj kev ua siab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov koob tshuaj tau raug xam thiab hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm, raws li lub cev kev nce qib hauv kev txo qhov xav tau opiates. Tom qab koj tus kws kho mob tau txiav txim siab koob tshuaj thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txo nws, koj yuav tsum ua raws tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom raug thiab raws nraim. Tsis txhob noj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cov tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) hauv kev cia siab kom ua kom nrawm dua. Yog tias koj tsis tau txhaj tshuaj methadone, lossis cov tshuaj txiav yeeb uas koj tab tom noj zoo li tsis ua haujlwm, tsis txhob siv ntau dua. Txuas ntxiv koj cov sijhawm raws li ib txwm muaj, tom qab ntawv thov ntxiv koob tshuaj ntxiv rau hnub tom ntej.
- Cov tshuaj Methadone feem ntau muaj 40 mg ntawm tshuaj txiav yeeb. Qhov koob tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv los ntawm cov neeg uas noj tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) hauv tsev.
- Yog koj tsis nco qab koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, ua tib zoo ua raws cov lus qhia ntawm pob ntawv tshuaj. Nug tus kws muag tshuaj yam koj tsis nkag siab.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm paub siv tshuaj txiav yeeb nyob hauv tsev
Yog tias koj tau muab cov kua tshuaj txiav yeeb coj los tsev, ntsuas cov tshuaj no nrog rab koob txhaj tshuaj lossis nrog rab diav tshwj xeeb los yog khob (muaj nyob ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj). Tsis txhob tov tshuaj txiav yeeb nrog dej. Yog tias koj tau txais ib ntsiav tshuaj, muab tso rau hauv tsawg kawg 120 ml dej lossis kua txiv kab ntxwv. Cov hmoov yuav tsis yaj tag. Haus cov dej sib tov tam sim ntawd, tom qab ntawd ntxiv me ntsis dej kom yaj thiab haus cov hmoov ntxiv. Tsis txhob zom cov tshuaj methadone qhuav.
- Tej zaum koj yuav raug hais kom noj ib nrab ntsiav tshuaj. Txiav cov ntsiav tshuaj raws nraim ntawm kab ntawv kos.
- Siv tshuaj txiav yeeb tib lub sijhawm txhua hnub, lossis ua raws koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia.
- Teem lub tswb ntawm koj lub moos lossis xov tooj kom ceeb toom koj txog lub sijhawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob siv tshuaj txiav yeeb yog tias koj muaj teeb meem
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) yog tias koj muaj qhov tsis zoo rau nws, lossis yog tias koj muaj mob hawb pob, teeb meem ua pa hnyav, mob plawv tsis zoo, mob plawv, lossis tuag tes tuag taw ileus. Cov kab mob no zoo li yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau tshuaj txiav yeeb.
- Cov neeg mob yuav tsum qhia lawv tus kws kho mob txog lawv cov mob thiab keeb kwm kev siv tshuaj kom cov tshuaj txiav yeeb tuaj yeem siv tau yam nyab xeeb.
- Feem ntau, tus kws kho mob yuav txo qhov koob tshuaj lossis qhia koj kom txo qhov koob tshuaj txhua lub sijhawm kho. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav nce koj cov koob tshuaj yog tias koj muaj mob thiab tsis xav tias muaj tsos mob tshwm sim.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Nkag Siab Txog Kev Siv Tshuaj Txiav Tshuaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias tshuaj txiav yeeb feem ntau yog siv rau dab tsi
Methadone thawj zaug tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930s, teb rau tus kws kho mob qhov kev thov kom daws qhov mob (ua kom loog) uas tsis muaj tshuaj ntau dua li morphine. Xyoo 1970s thaum ntxov, tshuaj txiav yeeb tau siv tsawg thiab tsawg dua rau kev kho mob, tab sis tau nce ntxiv los siv los pab tib neeg txo lossis kov yeej kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj suav nrog morphine thiab heroin. Tam sim no Methadone yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev kho kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb siv hauv Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program, uas suav nrog kev sab laj thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv zej zog.
- Yog tias koj muaj mob hnyav tseem ceeb thiab tab tom nrhiav kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev, tshuaj txiav yeeb yog tej zaum tsis yog cov tshuaj raug vim nws muaj ntau yam phiv.
- Thaum ua raws li tus kws kho mob qhia thiab rau lub sijhawm luv, tshuaj txiav yeeb yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los pab tib neeg kov yeej kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub tias tshuaj txiav yeeb ua haujlwm li cas
Methadone ua haujlwm ua tshuaj loog, los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb kom hnov mob lossis hnov qab. Thaum siv tshuaj txiav yeeb tuaj yeem siv los txo cov tsos mob mob hnyav ntawm tus heroin, nws tseem tuaj yeem thaiv qhov kev zoo siab ntawm opiates. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua ke ntawm ob yam no yog qhov ua rau mob thiab ploj ntawm qhov "siab" zoo. Ib tus neeg mob tuaj yeem siv tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) thaum txo cov tshuaj opiate, kom txog thaum tsis muaj tsos mob tshwm sim ntau dua. Tom qab ntawd, tus neeg mob raug tso tawm los ntawm tshuaj txiav yeeb.
- Tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) muaj nyob ua ib ntsiav tshuaj, kua, thiab ua ib txheej. Tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) tau noj ib zaug ib hnub thiab qhov mob tau ntev li ntawm plaub mus rau yim teev, nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj.
- Nrog rau hauv opiates yog heroin, morphine, thiab codeine. Semisynthetic opiates yog oxycodone thiab hydrocodone.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub txog qhov tshwm sim muaj tshwm sim
Tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) tau txiav txim siab tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis tu ncua. Feem ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm tshuaj txiav yeeb yog kiv taub hau, tsaug zog, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab tawm hws ntau dhau. Qhov mob hnyav dua tab sis tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntau yog nyuaj lossis ua tsis taus pa, mob hauv siab, lub plawv dhia nrawm, kiv taub hau, cem quav hnyav, lossis ua rau pom kev tsis meej pem/tsis meej pem.
- Txawm hais tias muaj tshuaj txiav yeeb (Methadone) tau hais kom daws cov tsos mob thim rov qab, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, cov tshuaj no tseem tuaj yeem muaj yees ntxiv.
- Ironically, tshuaj txiav yeeb kuj tseem raug tsim txom raws li txoj kev siv tshuaj, txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm ua rau tib neeg "siab" (xav zoo siab) tsis muaj zog npaum li opiates.
- Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis tuaj yeem siv tshuaj txiav yeeb (methadone) los tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsis ua mob rau menyuam hauv plab thiab yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nchuav menyuam.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog lwm txoj kev siv tshuaj txiav yeeb
Ntxiv nrog rau tshuaj txiav yeeb, muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob rau kev quav tshuaj opioid. Piv txwv, buprenorphine thiab L-alpha-acetyl-metadol (LAAM). Buprenorphine (Buprenex) yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj zog heev uas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Piv rau tshuaj txiav yeeb, buprenorphine tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa ntau thiab xav tias nyuaj rau siv ntau dhau. LAAM yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau tshuaj txiav yeeb vim tias nws cov txiaj ntsig tau ntev dua. Cov neeg mob tsuas yog xav tau cov tshuaj no peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam thiab tsis yog txhua hnub zoo li tshuaj txiav yeeb. LAAM kuj zoo ib yam li tshuaj txiav yeeb: nws tsis "siab". Hais txog kev phiv tshuaj, cov tshuaj no tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
- Buprenorphine tsis ua rau lub cev vam khom lossis mob tshwm sim tawm. Kev txiav tawm kev siv yog yooj yim dua nrog tshuaj txiav yeeb.
- LAAM tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub siab, kub siab, ua rau tawv nqaij thiab xeev siab.
Ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob haus cawv nrog tshuaj txiav yeeb vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hnyav, txawm tias tuag sai.
- Tshuaj txiav yeeb tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog koj lub peev xwm xav thiab hnov mob. Thaum siv tshuaj txiav yeeb, tsis txhob tsav tsheb lossis siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm.
