Kev tsim cov ntawv hais tawm tuaj yeem ua rau nyuaj, tab sis nws yog qhov yooj yim heev ua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa citation block yog nyob ntawm cov lus citation uas koj siv: Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychology Association (APA), lossis Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago). Cov peb yam no siv hom ntawv zoo sib xws, txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm txhua tus qauv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Tsim Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Hauv MLA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv block quotes yog tias koj cov lus hais ntev dua 3-4 kab
Thaum siv MLA hom ntawv, thaiv cov ntawv yuav tsum tau siv yog tias cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv raug suav yog ntau dua peb kab lus (piv txwv li hauv paj huam). Siv block quotes yog tias cov ntawv ntev dua plaub kab ntawm kab lus (piv txwv li hauv cov dab neeg).
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom hais thawj kab ntawv ntawm Sapadi Djoko Damono's Metamorphosis, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov lus hais tawm vim tias kab lus ntev dua peb kab.
- Raws li lwm qhov piv txwv, koj yuav xav hais nqe lus los ntawm phau ntawv tshiab Pintu Forbidden los ntawm Sekar Ayu Asmara. Yog hais tias pawg lus ntev dua plaub kab, siv block quotes.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nqe lus nrog kab lus luv
Muab tus nyuv lossis tus lej cim kawg ntawm kab lus rau kab lus hais, nyob ntawm qhov cim kab cim koj xav tias tsim nyog dua. Siv cov nyuv yog tias qhov kev tsocai yog txuas ntxiv ntawm koj lub tswv yim lossis nqe lus. Ntxig tus lej cim qhia tus sau cov lus. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau nws zoo li no:
- "Roland Barthes xav nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm xinesmas thiab yees duab:"
- Hauv nws phau ntawv Dawb Jacket, Herman Melville sib cav,"
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv nqe lus ntawm kab ntawv tshiab, tsis hais nqe lus
Tsis zoo li cov lus luv hauv MLA style, thaiv cov lus hais tsis xav tau cov lus hais. Koj yuav tsum pib nqe lus ntawm kab sib cais. Nias qhov "Enter" qhov tseem ceeb los tsim kab lus tshiab tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv/cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, koj qhov kev tsocai yuav zoo li no:
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Roland Barthes xav kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm xinesmas thiab yees duab:
Kuv txaus siab rau kev yees duab tig mus rau thaj chaw kev coj noj coj ua. Kuv xav tias kuv nyiam thaij duab ntau dua li xinesmas, tab sis kuv paub tias kuv tsis tuaj yeem cais ob qho. Lo lus nug no tseem nyob hauv kuv lub siab. Kuv kuj muaj "ontological" xav tau: Kuv xav kawm kom ntau li ntau tau txog "tus kheej" ntawm kev yees duab nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua qhov kev hais tawm qis dua 1.3 centimeters los ntawm sab laug
Txhua qhov kev hais tawm yuav tsum tau hloov pauv kom pom qhov sib cais "thaiv" ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm seem ntawm kab lus. Txhawm rau ua cov ntawv nkag, kos tag nrho cov lus thiab nias "Tab" qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov keyboard. Koj tseem tuaj yeem txav lub tab ntawm tus pas ntsuas saum toj ntawm daim ntawv 1.3 centimeters mus rau sab xis.
Yog tias koj tab tom hais ntau dua ib kab lus, ua thawj kab ntawm txhua kab lus hauv qab los ntawm 0.6 centimeters
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab ob npaug rau kab lus
MLA hom ntawv xav tau ob chav sib nrug hauv txhua kab ntawv tseem ceeb. Khaws qhov sib nrug ntawm daim ntawv tsocai.
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Yog tias koj hais ntau dua peb kab paj huam, khaws cov kab faib thiab cov qauv qub. Piv txwv li,
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Tsis txhob ua dua
mus ntsib
ntsej muag uas hnov
nyob rau hauv vain, ib tug dawb
tus neeg hla
tias. (Darmono 1)
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Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv hauv kab ntawv tom kawg ntawm qhov kev hais tawm
Muab cov ntaub ntawv citation tom qab kaw cov cim cim cim tseg hauv kab lus kawg. Tsis txhob sau "p." (rau Askiv), “p.”, lossis lwm yam ntawv luv ua ntej tus lej nplooj ntawv. Piv txwv li, koj daim ntawv thov nkag yuav zoo li no:
"Kuv kuj muaj" ontological "xav tau: Kuv xav kawm kom ntau li ntau tau txog" tus kheej "ntawm kev yees duab nws tus kheej." (Barthes 3)"
Kauj Ruam 7. Txuas koj qhov kev sau ntawm kab tshiab
Tom qab ua tiav cov lus tsocai, nias "Enter" qhov tseem ceeb los tsim qhov tshiab. Yog tias koj xav txuas ntxiv ntawm tib nqe lus, tshem tawm qhov nkag thiab khaws cov npoo ib txwm muaj. Yog tias koj tab tom pib nqe lus tshiab, ua thawj kab ntawm kab lus hauv qab los ntawm 1.3 centimeters.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tsim Cov Ntawv Cim Hauv APA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov ntawv citation rau cov ntaub ntawv/cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj 40 lo lus lossis ntau dua
Cov APA style xav kom koj siv cov lus hais thaiv raws cov lus suav. Suav cov lus hauv kab lus txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias tus lej ntau dua 40. Yog li, siv cov lus hais tawm.
- Hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm lo lus xws li Microsoft Word, koj tuaj yeem cim qhov kev hais tawm thiab nyem rau "Kev Suav Cov Lus" xaiv hauv "Tshuaj Xyuas" lossis "Ntawv Pov Thawj" ntawv qhia zaub mov. Qhov kev xaiv yuav qhia koj tus lej ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom hais nqe lus ntev los ntawm Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, koj yuav tsum siv qhov citation block.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nqe lus nrog kab lus cim
Cov kab lus cim yog kab lus uas qhia rau cov nyeem tias koj yuav hais cov lus qhia. Muab tus lej lossis tus nyuv tso rau tom kawg ntawm kab lus. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los pib qhov kev hais tawm hauv APA style. Koj tuaj yeem:
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Hais txog tus sau thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm qhov chaw thaum pib kab lus. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau nws raws li hauv qab no,
Hauv Morgan txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2013, nws tau hais tias,
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Tsuas suav tus sau lub npe hauv kab ntawv thaum pib kab lus. Txog tus qauv no, koj yuav tsum muab lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv kab ntawv thiab tso nws tom qab tus sau lub npe. Piv txwv li,
Morgan (2013) qhia tias:
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Tsis txhob hais tus sau lub npe thaum pib kab lus. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau nws raws li hauv qab no,
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb pom kev tsis pom zoo nrog cov kev tshawb pom no:
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua qhov kev hais tawm qis dua 1.3 centimeters los ntawm sab laug
Pib nqe lus ntawm kab tshiab. Kos cim kab lus thiab nias lub pob "Tab" ib zaug. Xwb, txav lub tab ntawm tus pas ntsuas hla daim ntawv 1.3 centimeters. Txhua daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Koj tsis tas yuav siv cov lus hais rau nqe lus.
Yog tias koj tab tom hais ntau nqe lus, ua thawj kab ntawm txhua kab lus hauv kab lus hais los ntawm 1.3 centimeters
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv ob chav sib nrug ntawm cov lus hais
Hauv APA style, tag nrho cov ntawv yuav tsum siv ob npaug sib nrug, suav nrog cov lus hais tawm. Txhawm rau thov qhov sib nrug ob npaug rau nqe lus, kos tus cim ua ntej. Nyem rau kab ntawv kab ntawv khawm thiab xaiv "ob npaug" lossis "2.0" kab kev sib nrug xaiv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab cov ntaub ntawv citation tso rau hauv kab ntawv tom kawg ntawm qhov citation
Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau hais qhia tus kws sau ntawv, xyoo tshaj tawm, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug txheeb xyuas, nyob ntawm seb koj yuav pib qhov citation li cas. Sib cais txhua nqe lus hais nrog tus lej thiab ntxig cov ntawv luv "p." los yog "yam." ua ntej tus naj npawb nplooj ntawv. Muab cov ntawv no tso rau qhov kawg ntawm kab cim kaw tom qab kab lus kawg hauv kab lus.
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Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe thiab xyoo twg cov ntawv luam tawm tau tshaj tawm hauv kab lus tagging, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum suav tus lej nplooj ntawv tom kawg ntawm qhov kev hais tawm. Piv txwv li,
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Hauv Jones txoj kev tshawb fawb 1998, nws pom tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender txo kev ntxhov siab los ntawm 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau nthuav tawm muaj qis dua lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab piv rau pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tau txo lub sijhawm nws siv rau cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (phab. 112)
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Rau Indonesian:
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb los ntawm Jones xyoo 1998, nws qhia tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender tuaj yeem txo qib kev ntxhov siab txog li 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau hnov ntxhiab kuj muaj lub plawv qis thiab ntshav siab ntau dua li pab pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm nws siv cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (phab. 112)
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Jones (1998) pom tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender txo kev ntxhov siab los ntawm 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau nthuav tawm muaj qis dua lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab piv rau pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tau txo lub sijhawm nws siv rau cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (phab. 112)
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Rau Indonesian:
Jones (1998) qhia tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender tuaj yeem txo qib kev ntxhov siab txog li 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau hnov ntxhiab kuj muaj lub plawv qis thiab ntshav siab ntau dua li pab pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm nws siv cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (phab. 112)
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Yog tias koj tsis hais tus sau lub npe thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm thaum pib kab lus, koj yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub npe, xyoo, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv nyob rau hauv kab lus nyob rau tom kawg ntawm kab lus. Piv txwv li,
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Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender txo kev ntxhov siab los ntawm 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau nthuav tawm muaj qis dua lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab piv rau pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tau txo lub sijhawm nws siv rau cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (Jones, 1998, p. 112)
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Rau Indonesian:
Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tias:
Cov ntxhiab ntawm lavender tuaj yeem txo qib kev ntxhov siab txog li 20%. Cov tib neeg uas tau hnov ntxhiab kuj muaj lub plawv qis thiab ntshav siab ntau dua li pab pawg tswj hwm. Lavender kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm nws siv cov ntsiab lus kom tsaug zog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. (Jones, 1998, p. 112)
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Kauj Ruam 6. Rov qab siv cov npoo ib txwm tom qab nqe lus hais tiav
Nias qhov "Enter" tus yuam sij los tsim kab tshiab. Yog tias koj xav sau hauv kab lus tib yam, tawm ntawm cov lus dai lossis nkag mus thiab tshem qhov kev nkag mus ntawm kab tshiab. Yog tias koj tab tom pib nqe lus tshiab, ua thawj kab ntawm kab lus tshiab nkag los ntawm 1.3 centimeters.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Tsim Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Hauv Chicago Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv block quotes rau cov ntawv uas ntev dua tsib kab lossis 100 lo lus
Txoj cai no feem ntau siv rau kev hais lus. Yog tias koj tab tom hais paj huam, tsim ib qho citation block yog tias cov ntawv ntev dua ob kab.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom hais kab lus xya kab los ntawm Charlotte Brontë cov ntawv tshiab Jane Eyre, koj yuav tsum tau siv tus lej cim
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nqe lus nrog kab lus cim
Kab lus lossis kab lus no tuaj yeem muaj tus lej ua kab lus lossis nthuav tawm qhov kev sib cav piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nqe lus no. Xaus cov kab lus cim nrog cov nyuv lossis tus lej.
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Siv cov nyuv yog tias qhov kev tsocai tuaj yeem ua pov thawj lossis txuas ntxiv koj cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau nws raws li hauv qab no:
Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, cov ntawv tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom thiab dab tsi tsis yog:
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Siv tus lej cim yog tias cov lus hais tsuas yog siv los qhia qhov uas tus sau/peev txheej tau hais. Piv txwv li,
Hauv nws cov lus teb, Jones tau hais tias,
Kauj Ruam 3. Pib thaiv kab lus ntawm kab ntawv tshiab yam tsis muaj nqe lus
Tom qab qhia qhov kev tsocai, pib nqe lus ntawm kab tshiab. Nrog kev tso kawm zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem cais cov lus tsocai los ntawm cov ntawv sau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua qhov kev hais tawm qis dua 1.3 centimeters los ntawm sab laug
Hauv feem ntau lub khoos phis tawj thiab sau ntawv thov, koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov ntawv nkag los ntawm kos cim kab lus thiab nias lub pob "Tab". Koj tseem tuaj yeem xaub lub tab ntawm tus pas ntsuas 1.3 centimeters rau sab xis.
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv qhov sib nrug ib qho rau cov lus hais
Txawm hais tias seem ntawm cov ntawv siv ob chav sib nrug, cov ntawv hais tawm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev sib nrug. Bookmark quotes. Qhib cov kab lus xaiv cov txheej txheem hauv cov txheej txheem ua lo lus thiab nyem qhov "Ib leeg" lossis "1.0" qhov kev xaiv sib nrug.
Yog tias koj tab tom hais ntau nqe lus, ua thawj kab ntawm kab lus hauv qab los ntawm 0.6 centimeters. Siv tib cov qauv ntawm thawj kab hauv kab lus tom ntej
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv cov lus hais hauv qab lossis kab lus sib dhos ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nqe lus
Muab cov lus taw qhia lossis cov lus hais ua niam txiv tom qab kaw cov cim cim cim tseg hauv kab lus kawg ntawm kab lus.
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Thawj tus lej yuav tsum muaj tus sau lub npe, lub npe ntawm cov ntawv, qhov chaw tshaj tawm, lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm, thiab hnub tshaj tawm (ua raws daim ntawv xaj no). Piv txwv li,
Peterson, Niam Mab Liab. Teeb meem ntawm Kev Haus Luam Yeeb Hauv Lub Cev. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Xovxwm, 1984
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Cov lus hais niam txiv tau ntxiv tom qab kaw cov cim cim cim hauv kab lus tsocai thiab zoo li qhov no:
(Peterson, 118)
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv kab ntawv tshiab los sau ntawv ntxiv
Thaum qhov kev tsocai tiav, tsim kab tshiab los txuas ntxiv. Yog tias tib nqe lus txuas mus ntxiv, tshem qhov kev nkag lossis nkag mus kom rov zoo li qub. Yog tias koj xav tsim kab lus tshiab, ua thawj kab ntawm kab lus hauv qab los ntawm 1.3 centimeters.
