Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm tso cai rau tus neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog khoos phis tawj khoos phis tawj. Lub kaw lus yog tsim los ntawm ntau pua txhiab kab ntawm cov cai. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog siv C#, C, C ++, thiab sib dhos cov lus programming. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tso cai rau koj tshawb koj lub computer thaum txuag thiab ua cov lus txib. Tsis txhob xav tias tsim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim. Nws siv sijhawm ntau ntawm kev paub los ua nws.
Kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kawm paub txog lub cajmeem
Cov lus sib dhos yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev; nws tau pom zoo tias koj kawm lwm yam lus sib txawv hauv qib siab xws li C lus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab seb koj xav siv xov xwm dab tsi los thauj OS
Cov xov xwm no tuaj yeem yog CD drive, DVD drive, flash drive, hard drive, floppy disk, lossis lwm lub PC.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm SO
Piv txwv li, ntawm Windows, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim-rau-siv GUI thiab kev nyab xeeb ntau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab seb lub platform processor twg koj lub operating system yuav txhawb nqa
IA-32, ARM, thiab x86_64 yog cov siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug. Yog li, txhua tus ntawm lawv yog koj qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj.
Kauj Ruam 5. Txiav txim siab yog tias koj xav ua txhua yam koj tus kheej los ntawm kos, lossis puas muaj cov ntsiav uas twb muaj lawm uas koj xav tsim
Piv txwv li, Linux los ntawm kos yog qhov haujlwm rau cov tib neeg uas xav tsim lawv tus kheej Linux distro.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav siv koj tus kheej lub boot-loader lossis tus tsim ua ntej xws li Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)
Nkag mus rau bootloader koj tus kheej yuav xav tau kev paub dav ntawm kho vajtse thiab BIOS. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tseeb lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawj.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txiav txim siab seb yuav siv hom lus programming li cas
Nws zoo kom muaj lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ib yam lus xws li Pascal lossis BASIC, tab sis koj yuav tsum siv C lossis Los Ua Ke. Kev sib dhos yog qhov tsim nyog heev, vim tias qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm xav tau nws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, C ++ lus muaj cov lus tseem ceeb uas xav tau lwm yam SO kom ua tiav.
Txhawm rau sau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm los ntawm C lossis C ++ code, tau kawg koj yuav siv ib tus sau lossis lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los tham nrog tus neeg siv phau ntawv qhia/phau ntawv/cov ntaub ntawv rau C/C ++ tus neeg sau ntawm koj xaiv, txawm tias muaj nyob hauv software lossis muaj nyob ntawm tus xa khoom lub vev xaib. Koj yuav tsum paub ntau yam nyuaj ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom thiab, rau C ++ kev txhim kho, koj yuav tsum paub txog tus txheej txheem mangling mangling thiab nws ABI. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm (ELF, PE, COFF, binary yooj yim, thiab lwm yam), thiab nkag siab tias qhov tshwj xeeb Windows hom ntawv, PE (.exe), yog kev tiv thaiv txoj cai
Kauj Ruam 8. Txheeb xyuas koj daim ntawv thov kev pab cuam sib tham (API)
Ib qho API zoo xaiv los ntawm yog POSIX raws li nws tau sau tseg zoo. Txhua lub tshuab Unix muaj tsawg kawg ib nrab kev txhawb nqa rau POSIX. Yog li txuas Unix cov haujlwm rau koj OS yuav tsum yooj yim.
Kauj Ruam 9. Txiav txim siab ntawm koj tus qauv
Muaj ib yam zoo li lub pob zeb monolithic thiab lub pob zeb me me. Monolithic kernels siv tag nrho cov kev pabcuam hauv lub kernel, thaum cov kernels micro muaj cov kernels me me ua ke nrog cov neeg siv daemon xa cov kev pabcuam. Feem ntau, monolithic kernels tau nrawm dua, tab sis microkernels muaj qhov ua txhaum zoo dua qub thiab ntseeg tau.
Kauj Ruam 10. Xav txog kev txhim kho thiab ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg
Txoj kev ntawd, nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg dua los daws teeb meem ntau dua, uas yuav ua rau kom txhim kho OS zoo dua.
Kauj Ruam 11. Tsis txhob so koj lub hard drive kiag li
Nco ntsoov, rho tawm tus tsav yuav lwv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws rov qab tsis tau! Siv GRUB lossis lwm tus thawj tswj hwm khau raj kom ob npaug rau koj lub system nrog lwm OS kom txog thaum koj OS ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Kauj Ruam 12. Pib me me
Pib nrog yam me me xws li tso saib cov ntawv thiab ncua ua ntej txav mus rau yam xws li kev tswj hwm kev nco thiab ua haujlwm sib xyaw. Kuj xyuas kom koj ua 32 ntsis thiab 64 ntsis version.
Kauj Ruam 13. Khaws ib thaub qab ntawm qhov chaws ua haujlwm kawg
Cov kauj ruam no muaj txiaj ntsig raws li kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj qee yam tsis raug nrog qhov tam sim no ntawm SO lossis kev txhim kho. Yog tias koj lub khoos phis tawj poob thiab tsis khau raj, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo kom muaj daim ntawv thib ob los ua haujlwm nrog yog li koj tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem.
Kauj Ruam 14. Txiav txim siab ntsuas koj li kev ua haujlwm tshiab nrog lub tshuab virtual
Hloov chaw rov pib dua koj lub khoos phis tawj txhua lub sijhawm koj hloov pauv lossis tom qab xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj mus rau koj lub tshuab ntsuas, koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv thov tshuab virtual los khiav koj OS thaum koj OS tam sim no tab tom khiav. Cov ntawv thov VM tam sim no suav nrog: VMWare (uas tseem muaj cov khoom siv server muaj pub dawb), qhib lwm txoj hauv kev, Bochs, Microsoft Virtual PC (tsis sib xws nrog Linux), thiab Oracle VirtualBox.
Kauj Ruam 15. Tua tawm "tso tawm tus neeg sib tw" lossis Beta version
Cov kauj ruam no yuav tso cai rau tus neeg siv ceeb toom rau koj txog teeb meem nrog koj lub operating system.
Kauj Ruam 16. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kuj tseem yuav tsum siv tus phooj ywg
Nco ntsoov tias koj ntxiv cov neeg siv-tus yam ntxwv, ua cov no yog ib feem ntawm koj tus tsim.
Lub tswv yim
- Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau tuag taus thiab lwm yam kab. Cov kab, kev kaw qhov rooj, thiab lwm yam teeb meem yuav cuam tshuam rau koj li kev tsim kho qhov haujlwm.
- Xyuas kom koj siv cov yam ntxwv ruaj ntseg ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog tias koj xav kom lub kaw lus ua haujlwm tau zoo.
- Siv cov vev xaib zoo li OSDev thiab OSDever los pab koj txhim kho koj li kev ua haujlwm. Thov ua siab zoo nco ntsoov tias rau feem ntau lub hom phiaj, OSDev.org zej zog yuav zoo siab dua yog tias koj siv lawv cov wiki, thiab tsis koom nrog lub rooj sab laj. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab koom nrog lub rooj sab laj, muaj qhov ua ntej: koj yuav tsum paub tiag tiag txog C lossis C ++, thiab x86 cov lus sib dhos. Koj tseem yuav tsum nkag siab cov ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj xws li Cov Npe Txuas, Cov Kab, thiab lwm yam. Lub zej zog OSDev, hauv nws cov kev cai, tau hais meej meej tias nws lub zej zog tsis tau tsim los txhawb nqa cov programmer tshiab.
- Tsis koom nrog nrog OSDev.org lub rooj sab laj thiab tom qab ntawd nug cov lus pom tseeb. Koj tsuas yuav raug nug kom nyeem phau ntawv qhia. Nyeem Wikipedia thiab cov lus qhia rau yam khoom twg koj xav siv.
- Yog tias koj tab tom sim txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, koj tau txiav txim siab tias yog "vaj tswv" ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
- Koj kuj yuav tsum tau nyeem phau ntawv txheej txheem rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm uas koj tau xaiv; seb x86 (Intel), ARM, MIPS, PPC, thiab lwm yam. Cov lus qhia rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau yooj yim nrhiav siv Google tshawb ("Intel phau ntawv qhia", "ARM phau ntawv", thiab lwm yam).
- Thaum txhua txoj haujlwm txhim kho tiav, txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav tso cov cai li qhib chaws, lossis los ntawm kev cai lij choj.
- Tsis txhob pib ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm rau kev pib kawm lub cajmeem. Yog tias koj tsis paub sab hauv thiab tawm txog C, C ++, Pascal, lossis qee yam lus uas tsim nyog, suav nrog kev ntsuas tus cim, kev tswj qis me ntsis, hloov me ntsis, kab lus sib dhos ua ke, thiab lwm yam, koj tsis tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm txoj kev loj hlob
- Tsim kom muaj kev faib tawm tshiab kom 'nthuav' SO yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
- Yog tias koj xav tau txoj hauv kev yooj yim, xav txog Linux kev cuam tshuam zoo li Fedora Revisor, Custom Nimble X, Puppy Remaster, PCLinuxOS Mk LiveCD, lossis SUSE Studio thiab SUSE KIWI. Txawm li cas los xij, lub kaw lus ua haujlwm uas koj tsim yog ntawm lub tuam txhab uas tau pib ua haujlwm thawj zaug (txawm hais tias koj muaj txoj cai los faib nws dawb, hloov kho nws thiab ua haujlwm raws li koj xav tau hauv GPL).
Ceeb toom
- Koj yuav tsis tau txais kev ua haujlwm puv sijhawm hauv ob lub lis piam. Pib nrog bootable SO, tom qab ntawd txav mus rau cov khoom txias dua.
- Ua tib zoo sau koj lub operating system ntawm lub hard drive tuaj yeem ua rau nws puas tag. Ceev faj.
- Yog tias koj ua qee yam uas tsis tau hais qhia, zoo li sau random bytes ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj I/O random, koj yuav tsoo koj li OS, thiab (hauv kev xav) tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov khoom siv tawg.
- Tsis txhob cia siab tias cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim los tsim. Muaj ntau qhov nyuaj ntawm kev vam khom tus kheej. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm tuav ntau tus txheej txheem, koj Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Nco yuav tsum muaj lub "ntsuas phoo" txheej txheem los tiv thaiv ntau tus txheej txheem los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov peev txheej tib lub sijhawm. Qhov "xauv" siv rau qhov no yuav xav tau lub sijhawm teem tseg kom ntseeg tau tias tsuas yog ib tus txheej txheem nkag mus rau cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thiab txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau tos. Qhov tseeb, tus neeg teem sijhawm nyob ntawm qhov muaj tus Thawj Coj Nco. Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev vam khom qhov kawg tuag. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem zoo li no; txhua tus txheej txheem txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj txuj ci txaus los paub nws tus kheej txoj hauv kev los daws nws.
Cov Kev Pab Ntxiv
- Cov Lus Qhia: Linux Los Ntawm Kos
- Bootloader: GRUB
- Daim ntawv thov tshuab virtual: Bochs, VM Ware, XM Virtual Box.
- Phau ntawv txheej txheem: Intel phau ntawv
- SO qhov chaw txhim kho: OSDev, OSDever
