Dyslexia yog teeb meem kev kawm tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev nyeem nyuaj. Qhov teeb meem no cuam tshuam txog li 20% ntawm cov neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas (Asmeskas), thiab ntau lab ntxiv tseem tseem tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom. Dyslexia cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kawm ntawv qis, kev txawj ntse qis, lossis lub qhov muag tsis pom kev. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia feem ntau muaj teeb meem los txiav cov lus thiab tso suab ua ke ua lus, ob qho tib si hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia yuav tsum tawm tsam nyuaj los txhais cov lus kom nkag siab hauv lub siab (hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev mloog lossis nyeem ntawv) thiab txhais kev nkag siab hauv lub siab ua lus (hauv kev hais lus lossis sau ntawv). Vim li no, cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem nyeem nrog qhov raug ntau, nrawm, thiab npliag li cov uas tsis muaj dyslexia. Cov xov xwm zoo yog tias txawm hais tias dyslexia yog txoj sia, nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm thiab daws tau, thaum kuaj pom. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog nyeem ntawv qeeb lossis nyuaj, tab sis muaj lwm cov cim qhia kom paub txog dyslexia hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool thiab qib kindergarten, hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, thiab cov laus.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Preschool thiab Kindergarten Hnub Nyoog Menyuam (3-6 xyoos)
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav kev hais lus thiab mloog nyuaj
Dyslexia yog cov teeb meem nkag siab thiab ua cov lus, yog li cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim hauv ntau yam haujlwm, tsis yog nyeem ntawv nkaus xwb. Ib lossis ob qhov tsos mob uas tshwm sim tsis tas yuav qhia txog dyslexia, tab sis yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ntau yam cim hauv qab no, koj yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho menyuam yaus.
- Hais lus qeeb (txawm hais tias qhov no yuav yog vim muaj ntau yam ntxiv). Tham nrog kws kho mob yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog koj tus menyuam txoj kev txhim kho kev hais lus.
- Nyuaj nyuaj hais cov lus, suav nrog kev nyiam pauv cov tsiaj ntawv, xws li "kaman" (thaum nws yuav tsum yog "noj").
- Nyuaj nyuaj ua cov lus ua suab, thiab rov ua dua, nyuaj ua ke cov suab ua cov lus thaum hais lus.
- Nws nyuaj rau daws cov lus sib dhos ua ke.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav kev nyuaj
Vim tias cov menyuam uas muaj dyslexia muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua suab (hloov pauv suab) thiab nrog kev pom-hais lus txheej txheem, nws lossis nws yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev kawm yooj yim, uas suav nrog:
- Maj mam ntxiv cov lus. Feem ntau, cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv preschool uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dyslexia tsuas yog paub tsawg lo lus.
- Qhib kom paub lub suab, ntawv, xim, thiab tus lej. Cov menyuam yaus nrog dyslexia kuj tseem tuaj yeem qeeb rau npe/paub cov khoom uas lawv nquag ntsib niaj hnub.
- Nws nyuaj rau paub nws lub npe.
- Nyuaj nyuaj siv cov lus sib dhos lossis tshaj tawm cov lus sib dhos me nyuam yaus.
- Nws nyuaj rau nco cov ntaub ntawv/cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li cov vis dis aus/zaj duab xis, txawm tias nws yog nws/nws nyiam cov vis dis aus/zaj duab xis.
- Nco ntsoov tias kev sau ntawv tsis yog ib txwm yog qhov cim ntawm dyslexia hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Ntau tus menyuam kawm qib pib thiab qib kawm siv cov tsiaj ntawv lossis tus lej thim rov qab thaum kawm sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ntawm dyslexia yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam loj, thiab yog li tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj rau dyslexia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav teeb meem ntawm lub cev
Vim tias dyslexia suav nrog teeb meem nrog lub koom haum thaj chaw thiab tswj lub cev muaj zog, qhov teeb meem no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev rau menyuam yaus, piv txwv li:
- Qhib los txhim kho cov txuj ci zoo, xws li tuav tus xaum, siv cov nyees khawm thiab zipper, lossis txhuam hniav.
- Nyuaj rau paub txog sab laug thiab sab xis.
- Nyuaj txav mus rau qhov ntaus nkauj.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tham nrog kws kho menyuam yaus
Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb tias koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog tham nrog kws kho menyuam yaus uas ib txwm saib xyuas koj tus menyuam. Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev pab tus menyuam kawm paub daws teeb meem dyslexia kom zoo.
Cov kws tshaj lij muaj cov ntawv xeem uas lawv siv los ntsuas thiab kuaj mob dyslexia hauv cov menyuam txij li hnub nyoog 5 xyoos
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Cov Menyuam Hnub Nyoog Kawm Ntawv (6-18 xyoo)
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav teeb meem nyeem ntawv
Dyslexia hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau pom thawj zaug thaum lawv poob qab lawv cov phooj ywg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm nyeem, lossis yog lawv txuas ntxiv ua kom pom kev txawj nyeem ntawv qis dua ib txwm rau lawv lub hnub nyoog lom. Qhov no yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm dyslexia. Qhov teeb meem nyeem no piv txwv yog:
- Lig dhau los kawm kom nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab suab.
- Tsis meej pem thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov lus luv, xws li "rau" lossis "ntawm", thiab "hu" lossis "coj".
- Tsis tu ncua qhia kev nyeem ntawv, sau ntawv, thiab sau yuam kev, txawm tias tom qab pom cov piv txwv raug. Feem ntau yuam kev, piv txwv li, yog cov tsiaj ntawv uas tau ntxeev sab laug thiab sab xis (piv txwv li "d" thiab "b"); cov lus thim rov qab (piv txwv li "nyab xeeb" thiab "npe"); cov tsiaj ntawv rov qab (piv txwv li "m" thiab "w", "u" thiab "n"); cov ntawv sau tsis raug (piv txwv li "hauv qab" thiab "kab mob plague"); thiab lo lus hloov (piv txwv li “saib” thiab “moos”).
- Nws yuav siv sijhawm nyeem cov ntawv luv thiab ntau dua kom nkag siab nws cov ntsiab lus.
- Nyuaj nyuaj nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ib txwm muaj rau cov menyuam nws hnub nyoog.
- Nws nyuaj rau sau thiab kwv yees dab tsi yuav tshwm sim tom ntej hauv zaj dab neeg lossis xwm txheej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib kev mloog thiab hais lus nyuaj
Qhov ua rau tom qab dyslexia yog teeb meem ua suab, teeb meem nrog lub peev xwm pom lossis hnov cov lus, teeb meem tawg cov lus rau hauv cov suab sib cais, tom qab ntawd teeb meem hauv kev koom nrog txhua lub suab nrog cov tsiaj ntawv uas tsim cov lus. Thaum cov teeb meem no ua rau nyeem nyuaj, lawv tseem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam lub peev xwm los mloog thiab hais lus meej thiab raug. Cov cim uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim muaj xws li:
- Teeb meem nkag siab cov lus qhia tam sim lossis nco qab ntu ntawm cov lus txib.
- Nws yog qhov nyuaj kom nco qab qhov uas tau hnov lawm.
- Nws nyuaj rau txhais cov lus xav ua cov lus. Tus menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais lus hauv kab lus thiab ua tsis tiav.
- Hais lus tsis meej pem: cov lus tsis raug lossis hloov los ntawm cov lus tsis yog cov lus uas tus menyuam xav tau.
- Nyuaj nrhiav thiab nkag siab cov lus sib dhos.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas cov cim ntawm lub cev
Dyslexia kuj suav nrog teeb meem nrog cov koom haum hauv chaw, yog li cov menyuam uas muaj teeb meem no tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog lawv cov kev txawj tsav tsheb. Qee qhov cim ntawm qhov teeb meem lub cev no yog:
- Nyuaj sau lossis luam. Lawv cov ntawv sau los kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tsis tau.
- Tuav tus xaum los yog cwj mem nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev unorthodox.
- Lub cev txawv txav lossis tsis muaj zog hauv kev sib koom tes ntawm lub cev.
- Nyuaj nyuaj ua si pob lossis koom nrog ncaws pob.
- Feem ntau tsis meej pem kom paub qhov txawv ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, thiab nce thiab nqis.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nrhiav cov cim ntawm kev xav lossis tus cwj pwm
Cov menyuam yaus nrog dyslexia feem ntau tawm tsam nrog kev ua ub no txhua hnub hauv tsev kawm ntawv, feem ntau vim tias lawv pom tias lawv cov phooj ywg nyeem thiab sau tau yooj yim txheeb ze. Vim li ntawd, cov menyuam no yuav xav tias ruam dua lossis xav tias tsis ua tiav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Muaj ntau tus cim ntawm kev xav lossis tus cwj pwm uas yuav qhia tau tias koj tus menyuam tsis tau kuaj pom thiab tsis kho tus mob dyslexia:
- Qhia tus kheej qis.
- Tshem tawm lossis zoo li kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis txaus siab rau kev sib raug zoo lossis nyob nrog phooj ywg.
- Ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qee tus kws tshaj lij pom kev ntxhov siab vim yog kev mob siab rau uas feem ntau pom hauv cov menyuam uas muaj dyslexia.
- Qhia kev chim siab heev, uas feem ntau ua rau npau taws. Tus menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, xws li "ua yeeb yam" kom cuam tshuam lwm tus los ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm nyuaj.
- Tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau tsom mus rau qhov pom thiab ua haujlwm dhau los lossis ua npau suav ntau dhau.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib xyuas lub tshuab ua haujlwm
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem txhob txwm zam qhov xwm txheej uas xav kom lawv nyeem, sau ntawv, lossis hais lus rau pej xeem, xws li phooj ywg, kws qhia ntawv, lossis niam txiv. Ceev faj tias cov menyuam yaus feem ntau siv txoj kev zam no los daws cov xwm txheej no. Lub koom haum tsis zoo lossis pom laziness yuav yog tus menyuam txoj kev zam kev nyuaj nrog nws dyslexia.
- Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem ua piv txwv tias mob kom tsis txhob nyeem nrov nrov lossis hais lus rau pej xeem vim ntshai txaj muag.
- Lawv kuj tseem yuav ncua sijhawm nyeem ntawv lossis sau ntawv ua haujlwm kom ncua lawv txoj kev tawm tsam kom ntev li ntev tau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tham nrog tus kws qhia ntawv thiab kws kho menyuam yaus uas ib txwm saib xyuas koj tus menyuam
Yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li ib lossis ntau ntawm cov cim saum toj no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog cov neeg uas tseem tau kho koj tus menyuam nyob rau lub sijhawm no, xws li kws qhia ntawv thiab kws kho menyuam yaus. Cov neeg no tuaj yeem pab coj koj mus rau tus kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws kom koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem sim nrog qhov tseeb. Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev pab menyuam yaus kawm paub daws teeb meem dyslexia.
- Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj dyslexia uas tsis tau teb tuaj yeem muaj kev rau txim loj hauv lawv lub neej yav tom ntej. Kev tshawb fawb qhia pom tias ntau dua li ib feem peb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj dyslexia tso tseg hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab qhov no yog ntau dua li ib feem plaub ntawm tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab uas tau tso tseg.
- Tsis muaj ib qho kev sim tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom dyslexia. Cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas suav nrog txog 16 hom kev xeem. Cov kev ntsuas no tshuaj xyuas txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem nyeem ntawv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem tshwm sim, sib piv qib kev muaj peev xwm nyeem ntawv nrog nws lub peev xwm raws li kev txawj ntse, thiab tshuaj xyuas seb tus neeg ntsuas ntsuas nqus thiab rov tsim cov ntaub ntawv li cas (suab, pom, lossis kinesthetic).
- Cov kev xeem no feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm tus menyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis yog kev pabcuam ntxiv, koj tseem tuaj yeem tiv toj rau cov chaw kho mob dyslexia thiab cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho dyslexia raws koj qhov chaw nyob. [1]
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Cov Laus
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav teeb meem ntsig txog kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv
Cov neeg laus uas tau nyob nrog dyslexia tau ntev lawm feem ntau yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nrog ntau yam teeb meem zoo ib yam los ntawm cov neeg txom nyem raws li menyuam yaus. Cov cim ntawm kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv nyuaj uas tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus suav nrog:
- Qhib thiab qhia ntau qhov yuam kev hauv kev nyeem ntawv.
- Kev sau tsis zoo. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau tib lo lus hauv ntau txoj hauv kev sau tib yam.
- Cov lus tsis zoo.
- Nyuaj rau kev npaj thiab teeb tsa, suav nrog kev suav thiab suav cov ntaub ntawv.
- Kev nco tsis zoo thiab nyuaj khaws cov ntaub ntawv tom qab nyeem nws.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav cov tswv yim siv los daws teeb meem dyslexia
Ntau tus neeg laus tau tsim cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb los them nyiaj rau lawv qhov dyslexia. Piv txwv ntawm cov tswv yim no yog:
- Zam kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv.
- Cia siab rau lwm tus los sau ntawv.
- Ncua sijhawm ua haujlwm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv.
- Cia siab rau kev nco (cim), tsis txhob nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Pom lwm yam peev xwm uas siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab
Txawm hais tias dyslexics yuav muaj teeb meem nyeem ntawv, qhov no tsis yog lub cim qhia tias lawv tsis txawj ntse. Qhov tseeb, dyslexics feem ntau muaj kev paub zoo ntawm tus kheej, thiab nkag siab zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm "nyeem" lwm tus neeg tus kheej. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia kuj yuav muaj kev txawj xav muaj zog hauv thaj chaw tshawb fawb thaj chaw thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm uas xav tau kev txawj ntse hauv thaj chaw no, xws li kev tsim vaj tsev (xws li kws tshaj lij) thiab kev tsim vaj tsev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua qhov kev xeem
Thaum txheeb xyuas tias yog dyslexic, cov neeg laus tuaj yeem kawm paub siv cov tswv yim tsim nyog kom muaj peev xwm nyeem tau thiab sau tau zoo dua, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav muaj kev nce qib ntawm kev hwm tus kheej. Tham nrog tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau tus kws tshaj lij (feem ntau yog kws kho mob hlwb) uas tuaj yeem ua qhov kev xeem tsim nyog.
Lub tswv yim
- Coob leej neeg nrog dyslexia tau ua lub neej vam meej hauv ntau yam haujlwm. Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, George Washington, Charles Schwab, Andrew Jackson, thiab Alexander Graham Bell yog nyob rau saum cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv, cov lag luam, cov thawj coj tub rog, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb nrog dyslexia uas tau ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. ntau rau ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntxiv, Steven Spielberg, Orlando Bloom, Jay Leno, Tommy Hilfiger, Leonardo da Vinci, thiab Ansel Adams kuj tseem yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov kws ua yeeb yam, thiab cov tsim qauv uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dyslexia.
- Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg uas koj mob siab txog yog dyslexic, nkag siab tias muaj kev kho mob thiab muaj kev vam meej yav tom ntej tuaj yeem ua tau.
Ceeb toom
- Muaj ntau qhov kev nkag siab yuam kev txog dyslexia thiab nws cov neeg raug tsim txom. Piv txwv li, dyslexia yeej tsis cuam tshuam nrog txhua qib kev txawj ntse, thiab cov teeb meem uas cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txawj ntse qis lossis kev nkees. Kev tshawb fawb qhia pom tias cov menyuam uas muaj qhov qhab nia IQ siab thiab qis tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem hnyav nrog phonological coding (kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab), uas yog kev faib cov lus rau hauv ib tus neeg lub suab thiab rov ua dua, sib txuas cov suab rau hauv cov lus hauv kev hais lossis sau ntawv. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias koj nkag siab txog dyslexia kom raug thaum sim txheeb xyuas seb koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub tias muaj tus kabmob no.
- Paub txog dyslexia tuaj yeem nyuaj, vim tias cov tsos mob thiab qib uas qhov kev xiam oob qhab no tshwm sim txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Ntxiv mus, qhov muaj lwm yam kev txwv tsis zoo tuaj yeem zais qhov teeb meem tiag tiag, yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov tsis meej pem thiab/lossis kev sib raug zoo yuav tsis meej.
