Kev thuam, thuam, hem, tshaj tawm xov xwm cuav, tsoo thiab nto qaub ncaug rau ib tus neeg yog txhua yam ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis xav tau. Tus cwj pwm no tseem paub tias yog kev thab plaub lossis thab plaub. Thaum kev thab plaub feem ntau yog hais txog tus cwj pwm coj los ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, ntau tus neeg siv lub sijhawm los hais txog kev ua phem rau ua phem rau ib tus neeg (txawm hais lus hais lus, sib raug zoo, lossis lub cev) uas lawv xav tias tsis muaj zog.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Tiv Thaiv Koj Tus Kheej ntawm Kev Ua Phem
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshawb xyuas seb koj tab tom hla dab tsi yog kev thab plaub
Kev quab yuam tsis tau hais tawm hauv ib daim ntawv nkaus xwb; kev tsim txom tau qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm, ob qho tib si hais lus, kev sib raug zoo thiab lub cev. Tsis hais txog ntawm daim ntawv, cov cwj pwm no tshwm sim ntau zaus (tsis yog ib zaug nkaus xwb) thiab yog cov yam ntxwv uas tsis xav tau lossis tsis lees paub.
- Piv txwv ntawm kev hais lus thab thab thab thab thab thab thab, thuam, hais lus tsis zoo los yog tso dag, hais lus thuam thiab hem.
- Kev thab plaub hauv zej zog yog hais txog ib tus neeg qhov kev ua phem rau lwm tus lub koob npe lossis kev sib raug zoo thiab suav nrog tshaj tawm xov xwm tsis tseeb txog tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb, ua rau tib neeg tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lossis ua phooj ywg nrog tus neeg raug tsim txom, lossis tseem txhob txwm ua rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ua ntej cov neeg raug tsim txom.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias kev hais lus lossis kev thab plaub tsis yog ib txwm tshwm sim ncaj qha (qhov no, hauv ntiaj teb tiag). Ib hom kev thab plaub hu ua cyberbullying yog ib hom kev thab plaub uas tau ua los ntawm email, chaw sib tham hauv xov tooj, ntawv xov xwm, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv digital. Cyberbullying suav nrog xa cov lus hem, ua phem rau cyber, xa xov lossis email ntau dhau, tshaj tawm cov duab txaj muag lossis cov ntaub ntawv hauv social media, thiab lwm yam kev hais lus lossis kev sib thab thab plaub hauv thaj chaw digital.
- Kev thab plaub rau lub cev tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg ua phem rau lwm tus neeg lub cev lossis khoom. Piv txwv ntawm kev thab plaub hauv lub cev suav nrog nto qaub ncaug, ntaus, thawb, ncaws, xuas nrig ntaus, ntaus lwm tus thiab rub lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nyiag lossis ua kom lwm tus neeg puas tsuaj kuj yog ib qho kev tsim txom ntawm lub cev.
- Nco ntsoov tias cov cwj pwm no tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tab sis tsis txhob suav tias yog kev thab plaub. Yog tias ua phem lossis ua phem xws li ntaus lossis thuam tsuas yog tshwm sim ib zaug xwb, tus cwj pwm tsis yog yam txuj ci tam sim xav txog kev thab plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus cwj pwm no tshwm sim ntau zaus, lossis tus neeg ua txhaum xav kom qhia tawm tus cwj pwm zoo ntxiv, tus cwj pwm tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev thab plaub.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyob twj ywm thiab hais kom tus neeg ua phem tso tseg tus cwj pwm
Saib tus neeg siab phem thiab ua siab ntev thiab qhia meej kom nws tsum nws tus cwj pwm. Qhia rau nws paub tias nws tus cwj pwm tsis tuaj yeem lees paub thiab nws tau saib tsis taus.
- Yog tias koj hais lus zoo nrog lwm tus neeg thiab tsis xav tias raug teeb meem yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem luag ntawm tus neeg ua txhaum cov lus lossis teb nrog lus dag. Cov lus teb lom zem uas koj qhia tuaj yeem ua rau nws nres nws qhov kev ua vim tias cov lus teb nws tau txais txawv ntawm cov lus teb uas nws tau xav yav dhau los.
- Yog tias kev thab plaub tshwm sim online (piv txwv li internet), nws yog lub tswv yim zoo uas tsis teb cov lus uas tus neeg ua phem xa mus. Yog tias koj paub tus neeg ua txhaum thiab twv kom nug nws kom nres, tos kom txog thaum koj tuaj yeem tham nrog nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nyob deb ntawm tus neeg ua txhaum
Yog tias koj tsis xav tias nyab xeeb thiab xis tham, nyob deb ntawm kev thab plaub. Nyob deb ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb uas feem ntau tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg koj ntseeg.
Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib kev thab plaub hauv cyber, tsis txhob teb cov lus ntawm tus neeg ua phem lossis tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej kev thab plaub ntxiv, thaiv tus neeg ua txhaum tus account kom lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv tauj koj ncaj qha
Kauj Ruam 4. Tham nrog ib tus neeg uas koj ntseeg siab
Ntsib nrog ib tus neeg laus, cov neeg hauv tsev, tus kws qhia ntawv, phooj ywg, lossis ib tus neeg uas koj ntseeg tiag thiab piav qhia rau lawv tias koj tab tom hla dab tsi.
- Los ntawm kev qhia rau lwm tus txog koj kev thab plaub, koj yuav tsis ntshai me ntsis thiab nyob ib leeg. Ntxiv rau, koj tuaj yeem paub yuav ua dab tsi ntxiv los tiv thaiv kev thab plaub yav tom ntej.
- Yog tias koj xav tias muaj kev hem lossis tsis nyab xeeb, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los tham nrog ib tus neeg uas muaj cai tswj hwm tus neeg ua phem thiab tuaj yeem sawv cev rau koj los daws qhov teeb meem, xws li kws qhia ntawv, tus saib xyuas, lossis tub ceev xwm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Xav txog txoj hauv kev kom koj tus kheej muaj kev nyab xeeb, ob qho kev xav thiab lub cev
Koj tsis tuaj yeem rov tawm tsam thiab koj yuav tsum qhia ib tus neeg uas koj ntseeg qhov kev tsim txom uas koj tab tom ntsib. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tswj thiab pab koj tus kheej:
- Yog ua tau, zam tus neeg ua phem ntawm kev thab plaub lossis cov chaw uas muaj kev thab plaub ntau zaus.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig lossis nrog lwm tus neeg, tshwj xeeb yog kev thab plaub yuav tshwm sim thaum koj nyob ib leeg.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib kev thab plaub hauv zej zog, sim hloov koj lub npe tshuaj xyuas lossis lwm tus cim uas koj tab tom siv. Kuj hloov kho koj tus lej ntiag tug teeb tsa kom tsuas yog phooj ywg thiab cov neeg hauv tsev neeg tuaj yeem tiv toj koj, lossis tsim tus as khauj tshiab. Tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug xws li koj qhov chaw nyob lossis tus xov tooj ntawm koj qhov profile thiab txwv cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej uas koj qhia rau yav tom ntej. Tsis txhob muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev thab plaub los tiv tauj koj.
- Sau lossis sau tseg thaum twg thiab qhov chaw thab plaub tshwm sim, thiab yam koj tau ntsib. Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov koj tau dhau los yog kev thab plaub txuas ntxiv mus thiab cov kauj ruam ntxiv xav tau los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm kom nres nws. Yog tias kev thab plaub tshwm sim online, khaws tag nrho cov lus thiab email los ntawm tus neeg ua phem, suav nrog cov screenshots ntawm cov lus hauv social media xa los ntawm tus neeg ua phem.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Pab Lwm Tus Ntsib Kev Ua Phem
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob quav ntsej txog kev thab plaub thiab tsis qhia tus neeg raug tsim txom kom tsis quav ntsej nws
Tsis txhob xav tias kev ua phem lossis ua phem rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej tsis muaj kev phom sij. Yog tias ib tus neeg xav tias muaj kev hem thawj, qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tiag tiag, tsis hais tus neeg ntawd tau ntsib kev hais lus thab plaub lossis hem ntawm kev ua phem rau lub cev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia rau tus neeg raug tsim txom tias koj xav pab thiab txhawb nqa nws
Cov neeg raug kev thab plaub feem ntau xav tias nyob ib leeg thiab tsis txhawb nqa. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov koj qhia rau nws paub tias koj nyob ntawd rau nws.
- Nug nws seb nws ua rau nws nyab xeeb li cas.
- Ua rau tus neeg raug tsim txom tias kev thab plaub uas nws tab tom ntsib tsis yog nws qhov txhaum.
- Sim ua lub luag haujlwm (hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, tau kawg) los pab tus neeg raug tsim txom kawm txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb los teb rau kev thab plaub.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom txhua tus muaj kev nyab xeeb ua ntej koj cuam tshuam
Yog hais tias kev thab plaub cuam tshuam nrog kev siv riam phom, hem tias ua phem rau lub cev hnyav, lossis koj xav tias tsis nyab xeeb, hu rau tub ceev xwm lossis tub ceev xwm kom tau kev pab ua ntej koj nruab nrab ntawm ob tog koom nrog.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tam sim nruab nrab ntawm ob tog (yog tias koj xav tias nyab xeeb) thaum nyob twj ywm
Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los cuam tshuam sai li sai tau ua ntej qhov kev thab plaub zuj zus. Thov kev pab los ntawm lwm tus uas tsis koom nrog kev thab plaub yog tias ua tau.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qee pab pawg hauv zej zog muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev thab plaub. Muaj kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum cuam tshuam nrog kev thab plaub ua phem rau LGBT (poj niam nyiam poj niam, txiv neej nyiam poj niam, txiv neej nyiam poj niam txiv neej, los yog hloov poj niam txiv neej), cov hluas uas xiam oob qhab lossis xav tau tshwj xeeb, lossis kev thab plaub ua phem rau haiv neeg, haiv neeg, lossis kev ntseeg. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov pab pawg no los ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov txuas no
Kauj Ruam 5. Cais ob tog koom nrog
Thaum koj tau cais ob tog thiab muaj peev xwm tham nrog ob leeg sib cais, tau txais qee cov ntaub ntawv thiab nrhiav seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Yog tias koj tham txog dab tsi tshwm sim nrog ob tog koom nrog hauv tib lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, cov neeg raug thab plaub yuav xav tias nyuaj siab thiab txaj muag.
Kev thab plaub kuj tseem tuaj yeem thab plaub lossis hem tus neeg raug tsim txom kom nws lossis nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los tham txog kev thab plaub uas lawv tau ntsib. Los ntawm kev tham nrog txhua sab sib cais, yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsis ntshai hais lus
Kauj Ruam 6. Koom nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv
Txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov cai lossis txoj cai hais txog kev thab plaub. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tau siv cov tswv yim los daws teeb meem cyberbullying. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv los daws cov teeb meem no, tab sis lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum xub paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.
Kauj Ruam 7. Nrhiav kev pab los ntawm kws tshaj lij lossis kws kho mob
Cov neeg raug kev thab plaub tuaj yeem ntsib kev nyuaj siab ntev thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws. Yog li, los ntawm kev tau txais kev pab tshaj lij los ntawm qhov pib, koj tuaj yeem txo cov teebmeem no.
- Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau sim daws qhov kev xav ntawm kev thab plaub lawv tus kheej. Qhov no muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab vim.
- Yog tias tus menyuam loj lossis tus hluas dhau los ua tus qhia lossis pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab lossis ntxhov siab, xws li kev hloov pauv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kev pw tsaug zog, kev noj zaub mov, lossis kev tsis kam koom nrog hauv kev ua ub no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas koj nrhiav kev pab tshaj lij hauv kev daws teeb meem nrog menyuam lossis tub hluas. Tham nrog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam pejxeem lossis tus kws pab tswvyim ua haujlwm ntawm koj tus menyuam lub tsev kawm lossis lwm tus kws tshaj lij kho mob hlwb.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tsis txhob qhia tus neeg raug tsim txom kom rov tawm tsam kev thab plaub
Kev thab plaub cuam tshuam nrog ob tog nrog kev tsis sib xws ntawm lub hwj chim - ib tog loj dua thiab lwm qhov tsawg dua, pab pawg neeg tawm tsam ib tus neeg, ib tog tuav txoj cai lossis tswj hwm ntau dua thiab lwm tus tsis muaj txoj cai, thiab lwm yam. Thaum sib ntaus rov qab, tus neeg raug tsim txom ntsib kev pheej hmoo ntau ntawm kev ua phem lossis tuaj yeem xav tias ua txhaum.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Xaus Qhov Teeb Meem Teeb Meem
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib xyuas cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev thab plaub
Muaj ntau cov cim qhia tias tus neeg raug thab plaub lossis thab lwm tus. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo saib cov cim no, koj tuaj yeem paub txog kev thab plaub thiab nqis tes los daws nws thaum ntxov.
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Qee qhov cim qhia tias ib tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev thab plaub suav nrog:
- Muaj qhov hlais lossis nqaij nyob rau ntawm lub cev vim li cas tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis xav piav qhia
- Kev poob, tub sab lossis kev puas tsuaj rau khoom ntiag tug, xws li khaub ncaws tawg, tsom iav tawg, nyiag xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab lwm yam.
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txaus siab lossis xav tau sai kom zam qee tus neeg lossis chaw
- Kev hloov pauv sai ntawm kev noj zaub mov, kev ntseeg tus kheej, kev pw tsaug zog, lossis kev xav thiab lub cev hloov pauv
- Kev nyuaj siab, ua rau tus kheej, lossis tham txog ua phem rau koj tus kheej lossis lwm tus. Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj kev phom sij lossis muaj peev xwm tua tus kheej, tsis txhob tos ntev dua. Nrhiav kev pab tam sim ntawd. Hauv tebchaws Indonesia, koj tuaj yeem hu lossis tshaj tawm kev ua phem rau Indonesian Kev Tiv Thaiv Menyuam Yaus, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tebchaws rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Menyuam, lossis Tus Xovtooj Hotline 500-454 ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Pabcuam Kev Nyuaj Siab, Ministry of Health ntawm koom pheej Indonesia.
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Qee qhov cim qhia tias ib tus neeg tau ua phem ntawm kev thab plaub suav nrog:
- Ua kom muaj kev txhoj puab heev, ob lub cev thiab lus hais
- Kev koom tes hauv kev sib ntaus, ob lub cev thiab lus hais
- Koom nrog lwm tus neeg uas kuj nyiam tsim txom lwm tus
- Kev koom tes ntawm tus neeg txhawj xeeb txog teeb meem nrog cov tub ceev xwm
- Tsis muaj peev xwm lav lub luag haujlwm rau ib tus neeg ua, nrog rau liam lwm tus rau teeb meem
- Yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov cim no, tham nrog tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Los ntawm kev qhia rau lwm tus paub tias kev thab plaub tsis tuaj yeem lees paub thiab koj nyob ntawd los pab, cov neeg raug thab plaub tuaj yeem ua siab loj los hais lus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas leej twg feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev thab plaub
Qee tus neeg lossis pab pawg yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev thab plaub ntau dua li lwm tus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov neeg no lossis pab pawg thiab saib cov cim ntawm kev thab plaub uas lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm.
- LGBT cov hluas (poj niam nyiam poj niam, txiv neej nyiam poj niam, txiv neej nyiam poj niam thiab txiv neej sib deev)
- Cov hluas nrog kev txwv
- Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav tau tshwj xeeb, ob qho tib si ntawm kev kawm thiab lub cev
- Cov neeg ua phem ntawm kev thab plaub kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav lawv cov neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm ib haiv neeg, haiv neeg twg, lossis kev ntseeg
- Thaum cuam tshuam nrog kev thab plaub ntawm LGBT cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov hluas uas xiam oob khab lossis xav tau tshwj xeeb, lossis kev thab plaub raws li ib haiv neeg tshwj xeeb, haiv neeg lossis kev ntseeg, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab qee qhov kev xav ntxiv thaum nws los txog rau cov neeg raug tsim txom. Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yuav ua li cas daws kev thab plaub hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev mus saib qhov txuas no.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub thaum muaj kev thab plaub tshwm sim
Kev thab plaub feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov chaw uas tsis muaj lossis tsis tshua muaj neeg saib xyuas, xws li tsheb npav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, chav dej, thiab lwm yam.
- Ua cov kauj ruam los txheeb xyuas cov chaw no tas li kom cov neeg thab plaub tsis pom lawv ua qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam lwm tus.
- Yog tias koj yog niam txiv, nrhiav seb lub vev xaib lossis platform twg koj cov menyuam feem ntau siv. Paub txog lub platform thiab khoom siv uas koj cov menyuam siv thiab thov kev tso cai ua phooj ywg lossis ua raws lawv. Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis xis nyob nrog phooj ywg nrog koj hauv online, xyuas kom nws paub tias nws tuaj yeem tham nrog koj ib txwm muaj teeb meem lossis thab plaub nws yuav ntsib hauv online.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tham txog kev thab plaub
Sib tham seb kev thab plaub zoo li cas thiab yuav daws nws li cas hauv tsev, chav kawm, chaw ua haujlwm, thiab lwm qhov chaw. Hais qhia tib neeg tias kev thab plaub tsis zoo coj tus cwj pwm thiab yuav muaj kev rau txim rau tus cwj pwm.
- Yog tias tib neeg tuaj yeem lees paub cov cim ntawm kev thab plaub, lawv yuav muaj kev nqis tes ua. Yog li ntawd, tam sim tham txog qhov kev tshem tawm ua ntej nws tshwm sim.
- Txhawb lwm tus los tham nrog ib tus neeg uas lawv ntseeg yog lawv raug thab plaub lossis paub ib tus neeg uas raug thab plaub.
- Ua cov cai hais txog kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim nyog siv tshuab. Tham txog cov chaw koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem mus thiab tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib, thiab thaum twg thiab qhov twg nws lossis nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom lag luam thev naus laus zis.
- Tsim txoj phiaj xwm kev nyab xeeb los tiv thaiv lossis tiv thaiv koj tus kheej lossis lwm tus los ntawm kev thab plaub. Xav txog yam koj yuav hais yog tias koj lossis lwm tus tau ntsib kev thab plaub. Kuj xav txog koj thawj qhov lus teb rau kev thab plaub, thiab yuav teb li cas thiaj hloov pauv, nyob ntawm qhov chaw koj nyob.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua qauv hwm thiab ua siab zoo
Teb rau lwm tus nrog kev hwm thiab ua siab zoo, txawm tias thaum koj cuam tshuam nrog kev thab plaub. Lwm tus neeg saib koj yuav paub koj li xwm txheej li cas thiab kawm los ntawm koj. Teb rau kev thab plaub hauv kev ua phem yuav tsuas ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua thiab khaws tus qauv lossis 'lub voj voog' ntawm kev thab plaub rov ua dua.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim kom muaj tswv yim sib koom lossis lub tswv yim hauv zej zog
Nrhiav lwm tus neeg uas xav tiv thaiv thiab daws teeb meem cuam tshuam txog kev thab plaub, thiab tham txog kev tiv thaiv thiab cov tswv yim teb nrog lawv.
- Sim ua haujlwm ua ke txhawm rau saib qhov chaw uas muaj kev thab plaub feem ntau tshwm sim, thiab saib xyuas cov cim ntawm kev thab plaub nyob ib puag ncig koj.
- Kawm koj lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis chaw haujlwm txoj cai tswjfwm kev thab plaub thiab txhawb kom lwm tus los paub txoj cai.
- Qhia lwm tus neeg tias yuav ua dab tsi thiab yuav qhia rau leej twg yog tias lawv raug thab plaub. Ib qho ntxiv, txhawb kom lwm tus hais lus thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej yog tias lawv tau ntsib kev thab plaub lawv tus kheej lossis pom lwm tus raug thab plaub.
Lub tswv yim
- Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2012 hais txog kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev ua phem txhaum cai qhia tias menyuam yaus tsis tas qhia txog kev thab plaub lawv tau ntsib rau lawv niam lawv txiv (tsuas yog kwv yees li 40% ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau tshaj tawm). Tias yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum saib cov cim ntawm kev thab plaub hauv koj tus menyuam lossis lwm tus, thiab cuam tshuam los daws teeb meem kev thab plaub yog xav tau.
- Tsim cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev thab plaub rau menyuam thiab niam txiv kos npe. Hais kom tib neeg mob siab rau tsim ib puag ncig uas nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev thab plaub.
- Cov peev txheej ntxiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua li cas thiaj dhau los ua kev kawm zoo dua hauv kev daws teeb meem kev thab plaub tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm kev mus xyuas qhov txuas no
Ceeb toom
- Hu rau tus kws pab tswv yim lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv zej zog yog tias koj pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab lossis kev ntxhov siab hauv koj tus menyuam, xws li kev kawm tsis tiav, hloov pauv tus cwj pwm ib txwm muaj, lossis kev nyob ib leeg hauv zej zog.
- Qhia rau tub ceev xwm yog tias ib tus neeg muaj kev phom sij lossis koj xav tias ib tus neeg muaj lub siab xav lossis kev xav.
- Tsis txhob tawm tsam tawm tsam kev thab plaub thiab txhawb koj tus menyuam kom tsis txhob tawm tsam rov qab. Kev tawm tsam rov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau ntxiv thiab, txawm tias, teeb meem kev cai lij choj rau cov menyuam koom nrog.
