Ionic sib txuas yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau cations (zoo ions) thiab tsis yog xim hlau anions (tsis zoo ions). Txhawm rau npe cov khoom sib xyaw ionic, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog saib cov npe ntawm cov cations thiab anions uas ua cov khoom sib xyaw thiab nco ntsoov hloov qhov kawg ntawm cov npe hlau raws li xav tau. Ua ntej tshaj, sau lub npe ntawm cov hlau, ua raws li lub npe ntawm cov hlau tsis huv nrog cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tom ntej. Txog cov teeb meem nrog ionic sib txuas nrog cov hlau hloov pauv, tseem suav qhov nqi ntawm cov hlau ion ua cov kauj ruam ntxiv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Naming Cov Ionic Basic Compound
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib cov lus sib tham ntawm cov ntsiab lus
Txhawm rau npe lub ionic sib xyaw, txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau tiag tiag hauv cov lus teev tseg. Ionic compounds tau tsim los ntawm cov hlau ions (cations) thiab nonmetals (anions). Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom siv hlau ntawm sab laug thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj sib tham (piv txwv li, Barium, Radium, thiab Lead), thiab saib cov khoom uas tsis yog xim hlau ntawm sab xis ntawm lub rooj sijhawm.
- Anions feem ntau yog koom nrog pawg 15, 16, lossis 17 ntawm cov lus teev sijhawm. Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm lub rooj sijhawm siv cov xim xim txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xim hlau thiab tsis yog xim hlau.
- Yog tias koj tsis muaj daim ntawv theej ntawm daim ntawv teev sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem saib nws online ntawm:
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov mis rau cov tshuaj ionic
Xav tias qhov sib xyaw ionic hauv koj qhov teeb meem yog NaCl. Siv tus cwj mem lossis cwj mem los sau cov mis rau qhov sib xyaw no ntawm daim ntawv. Lossis, hauv chav kawm, sau "NaCl" rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim ionic. Cov ntsiab lus ionic yooj yim tsis muaj cov hlau hloov pauv thiab muaj tsuas yog 2 ions
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub npe hlau
Thawj ntu ntawm cov tshuaj ionic hu ua "cation" uas yog hlau. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo ib feem ntawm cov sib xyaw thiab ib txwm sau ua ntej hauv cov qauv rau cov tshuaj ionic. Saib ntawm lub rooj sijhawm rau lub npe "Na" yog tias tsim nyog. "Na" yog sodium. Yog li, sau "sodium".
Xijpeem qhov sib xyaw ionic hauv qhov teeb meem, lub npe hlau ib txwm sau ua ntej
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov ntawv ntxiv "ide" rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau
Qhov thib ob tivthaiv hauv ionic sib txuas yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Sau lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau nrog rau cov ntawv txuas ntxiv "ida". Raws li qhov piv txwv saum toj no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anion yog "Cl", piv txwv li tshuaj chlorine. Txhawm rau ntxiv qhov "ida" xaus, yooj yim rho 1-2 lub suab lus (hauv qhov no -in) los ntawm lub npe tsis yog hlau thiab hloov nws nrog "ida". Txoj kev ntawd, "Chlorine" yuav dhau los ua "Chloride".
Txoj cai sau npe no tseem siv rau lwm yam anions. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj ionic, "Phosphorus" yuav dhau los ua "Phosphide" thiab "Iodine" yuav dhau los ua "Iodide"
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab cov npe cations thiab anions
Tom qab nrhiav cov npe rau ob qho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ionic, koj yuav luag tiav! Tam sim no koj tsuas yog xav muab lawv ua ke. Yog li, "NaCl" tuaj yeem sau ua "sodium chloride".
Kauj Ruam 6. Xyaum ua lub npe yooj yim ionic sib txuas
Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas rau npe cov tshuaj sib xyaw ionic, sim ua qee lub npe ntawm cov sib txuas yooj yim ionic. Nco qab qee qhov pom muaj ntau yam sib xyaw ionic tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas rau npe lub npe sib xyaw ionic. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis tas yuav ua tib zoo saib tus naj npawb ntawm ions cais thaum lub npe sib xyaw. Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm feem ntau pom cov tshuaj ionic:
- Li2S = Lithium sulfide
- Ag2S = Nyiaj sulfide
- MgCl2 = magnesium chloride
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Naming Ionic Compounds Uas Muaj Kev Hloov Hlau
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov mis rau cov tshuaj ionic
Piv txwv, xav tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem hauv qab no: Fe2O3. Cov hlau hloov pauv tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv teev sijhawm, ntawm lawv, Platinum, Kub, thiab Zirconium. Koj yuav tsum suav cov lej Roman hauv lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ionic zoo li no.
Cov hlau hloov pauv xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau ntxiv hauv kev hu ua ionic sib txuas vim tias lawv tus lej oxidation (lossis tus nqi) tuaj yeem hloov pauv
Kauj Ruam 2. Tshawb xyuas cov hlau
Yog tias cov hlau ions hauv koj cov khoom sib xyaw yog los ntawm pab pawg 3 (lossis ntau dua) ntawm lub rooj sijhawm, koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav kom paub lawv cov nqi ua ntej. Tus lej sau npe hauv qab cov hlau-khub anion qhia txog kev them nqi ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv. Cov hlau muaj tus nqi zoo. Yog li, hauv qhov teeb meem piv txwv no, hla tus lej 3 ntawm O3 thiab sau +3 them nyiaj rau Fe.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov tsis sib xws thiab sau tus nqi -2 ntawm O.
- Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau ions feem ntau tau teev tseg hauv cov lus nug txog tshuaj lom neeg hauv tsev kawm theem siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub npe ntawm cov hlau thiab suav nrog cov lej roman raws li xav tau
Nyeem cov ntawv teev sijhawm yog tias koj xav paub txog cov tshuaj lom neeg rau cov hlau hauv qhov teeb meem. Txij li "Fe" hauv qhov teeb meem yog hlau nrog tus nqi +3, koj tuaj yeem sau Hlau (III).
Nco ntsoov tsuas yog siv tus lej roman thaum sau lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ionic, thiab tsis yog thaum sau cov tshuaj lom neeg
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau lub npe ntawm cov hlau tsis yog los ntawm kev hloov qhov xaus
Nyeem cov ntawv teev sijhawm yog tias koj tsis nco qab lub npe ntawm anion. Txij li "O" yog oxygen, koj tuaj yeem tshem qhov "-gene" xaus thiab hloov nws nrog "-ide" los ua "oxide".
Anions ib txwm siv qhov -ide xaus. Yog li, lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj anion yuav zoo ib yam tsis hais txog cov hlau nyob hauv cov tshuaj ionic
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab cov npe cations thiab anions los ua lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ionic
Ib feem no zoo ib yam nkaus li sau lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ionic uas tsis muaj cov hlau hloov pauv. Cias ua ke cov npe ntawm cov hlau (nrog rau lawv tus lej roman) thiab tsis yog hlau los tsim lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ionic: Fe2O3 = Hlau (III) oxide.
Kauj Ruam 6. Siv lub npe qub qub es tsis txhob siv tus lej roman
Hauv cov txheej txheem kev teev npe qub, hloov cov npe hlau muaj qhov xaus "o" thiab "i". Ua tib zoo saib xyuas ob yam khoom hauv qhov sib xyaw. Yog tias nws yog xim hlau qis dua qhov tsis yog hlau, siv cov ntawv "o", thaum yog tias cov xim hlau ntau dua, siv cov ntawv "i".
- Fe2+ muaj tus nqi qis dua cov pa (Fe3+ muaj tus nqi ntau dua) kom "Fe" dhau los ua cov hlau. Yog li, Fe. Compound2+O kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau ua ferrous oxide.
- Cov ntsiab lus "ferry" thiab "ferrous" tau siv los hais txog ferrous ions vim tias lub cim rau hlau yog "Fe".
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsis txhob siv tus lej roman thaum sau npe sib xyaw uas muaj zinc lossis nyiaj
Ob txoj kev hloov pauv hlau uas tau them tas yog zinc (Zn) thiab nyiaj (Ag). Yog li, cov nqi hlau hauv ionic sib xyaw ua ke ntawm zinc lossis nyiaj tsis muab cov lej cim rau cov anions. Zinc ib txwm yog +2 thiab nyiaj ib txwm yog +1.
Qhov no txhais tau tias, koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov lej roman lossis siv cov txheej txheem qub npe rau npe ob lub ntsiab lus
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Naming Ionic Sib xyaw nrog Polyatomic Ions
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov mis rau polyatomic ion
Polyatomic ionic compounds muaj ntau dua 2 ions. Hauv feem ntau polyatomic sib txuas, ib qho ntawm cov ions yog hlau thiab qhov seem yog tsis yog hlau. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nyeem lub rooj sijhawm rau lub npe ntawm txhua tus ion. Piv txwv tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem hauv qab no: FeNH4(TSO4)2.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tshawb xyuas qhov nqi ntawm cov hlau ion
Thawj SO. Ions4 muaj tus nqi ntawm -2. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj 2 ntawm cov ions no nyob hauv qhov sib txuas los ntawm kev sau tus lej 2 hauv qab tus lej. Cov ion no hu ua "sulfate" vim nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa thiab cov leej faj. Yog li, tus nqi yog 2 x -2 = -4. Tom ntej no, NH4, lossis ammonium ion muaj tus nqi +1. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau tias cov ion no tau them zoo vim tias ammonia nws tus kheej yog nruab nrab, thaum ammonium muaj 1 hydrogen ntxiv molecule. (Ammonium yog hu ua vim tias nws ua ke 1 molecule ntawm nitrogen thiab 4 molecules ntawm hydrogen.) Ntxiv -4 thiab 1, yog li qhov tshwm sim yog -3. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov hlau ion, Fe, yuav tsum muaj +3 tus nqi los ua kom qhov sib xyaw no tsis muaj teeb meem.
- Ionic tebchaw yeej ib txwm them nruab nrab. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv no los laij tus nqi ntawm cov hlau ion.
- YOG4 Nws tau them -2 vim tias nws tsis muaj 2 hydrogen atoms uas yuav muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv sulfuric acid.
Kauj Ruam 3. Npe cov hlau ion
Koj tuaj yeem tso npe hlau ions sib txawv nyob ntawm seb koj tab tom siv lub npe qub lossis tshiab. Yog li, txhawm rau lub npe hlau hlau, koj tuaj yeem sau Hlau (III) lossis ferric.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov nonmetal ion
Nyeem daim ntawv teev sijhawm kom paub tias "S" yog leej faj. Ammonium tsis yog lub hauv paus, tab sis nws tau tsim thaum 1 nitrogen ion sib txuas nrog 4 hydrogen ions. Yog li koj yuav tsum sau "ammonium" thiab "sulfate", lossis "ammonium sulfate".
"Ammonia" yuav dhau los ua "ammonium" yog tias nws raug them zoo. Ammonia nws tus kheej yog nruab nrab
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab cov npe hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ions
Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, sau lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj FeNH4(TSO4)2 raws li Hlau (III) ammonium sulfate.
