Yog tias koj xav muab cov cib tso rau hauv ib lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj thiab sijhawm los ntawm kev kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li tov cov tshuaj khib (cement, xuab zeb, txiv qaub, thiab dej) ua ke. Tsis txhob tso tshuaj khib kom qhuav lossis sib tov nrog qhov tsis sib xws. Los ntawm kev paub qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab ua cov kauj ruam raug rau sib tov thiab tuav cov tshuaj khib, koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj nplaum ua kom zoo thiab sai sai. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pib ua txoj haujlwm cib.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Kawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Ua Tiav Hmoov
Kauj Ruam 1. Ntsuas 3 qhov av xuab zeb thiab 1 feem cement
Txhawm rau ua cov tshuaj khib niaj hnub, sib tov 3 ntu xuab zeb nrog 1 feem ntawm cov cement. Yog tias koj sib tov tag nrho 1 lub pob zeb hauv av, koj yuav tsum tau siv 3 zaug ntau npaum li cov xuab zeb, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau lub khob noom cookie ntau. Ua cov tshuaj khib hauv qhov xav tau.
Qhov koob tshuaj no tsis tas yuav zoo ib yam li thaum koj ua ncuav qab zib. Hauv ntau qhov haujlwm uas muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, feem ntau ntawm cov xuab zeb feem ntau ntsuas raws li "dov puv" ib lub hnab ntim tshuaj khib. Qhov no feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 15 thiab 18 spades (nyob ntawm qhov loj me). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los sib tov cov tshuaj khib hauv qhov sib piv uas ze rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias nws tsis tas yuav zoo ib yam nkaus. Koj tsis tas yuav siv ib rab diav los ntsuas nws qhov tseeb
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntsuas qhov dej kom raug
Ib lub hnab ntawm cov tshuaj khib yuav tsum tov nrog 11 liv dej huv kom tau qhov tuab tuab. Tus nqi dej uas siv yuav txawv nyob ntawm huab cua, qib ntawm cov av ntub ntawm cov xuab zeb, thiab hom tshuaj khib nyiab sib xyaw siv. Yog li, nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm pob kom zoo ua ntej koj ntxiv dej.
- Cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig (kub thiab av noo) yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov sib xyaw.
- Kev sib tov qhuav sib khi nruj dua, thaum ntub sib tov ua haujlwm tau yooj yim dua. Kev paub yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv xuab zeb thiab tshuaj khib kom raug
Qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog thiab zoo tshaj li lwm hom yog cov xuab zeb zoo. Cov cement tshiab uas tsis tau muaj lub hnab ntim tau zoo dua li cov cement los ntawm cov hnab uas tau qhib thiab siv. Cov cement sib xyaw xws li Mortindo lossis lwm lub npe tsim nyog rau txoj haujlwm no.
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Qee cov tuam txhab tsim cov cement sai uas tau sib xyaw nrog cov xuab zeb thiab npaj tau siv los ua tshuaj khib. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov xuab zeb. Cov cement tam sim no kim dua me ntsis li Portland cement, tab sis muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua yog tias koj tsuas yog ua haujlwm me me. Nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntim thiab nrhiav seb cov khoom xyaw yog dab tsi. Yog tias koj tsis xav tau ntxiv cov xuab zeb, txoj hauv kev sib xyaw yog tib yam.
Portland tsis yog hom cement. Nov yog lub npe ntawm hom khoom siv uas feem ntau siv los sib tov tshuaj khib, ua vaj tsev, thiab lwm yam kev sib xyaw ua ke
- Khaws cov xuab zeb qhuav thiab cov cement ua kom lawv qhuav. Cov ntaub ntawv no yooj yim puas yog ntub lossis ntub. Sim ua kom raug cov tshuaj khib sib tov raws li xav tau, tab sis kuj tseem siv cov khoom xyaw qhuav uas koj twb muaj lawm los ua qhov feem ntau.
- Txheeb xyuas lub hnab ntim cov cement rau cov pob. Yog tias muaj cov tawv tawv lossis cov pob hauv lub hnab, cov cement tau nthuav tawm rau cov dej noo thiab tsis ua raws li qhov raug. Koj yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
- Txhua lub npe tuaj yeem hais qhia qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Nyeem daim ntawv lo ntawm lub ntim khoom ntawm cov khoom koj tau yuav thiab ua raws cov lus qhia muab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 1 feem ntau ua tau thiab siv tau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sim ntxiv cov txiv qaub
Hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm phab ntsa uas raug cua daj cua dub lossis lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, tib neeg feem ntau ntxiv cov txiv qaub ntxiv rau kev sib txuas lub zog thiab ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa raug tsim. Yog tias koj ntxiv cov txiv qaub rau qhov sib xyaw, koj tseem yuav tau nce cov xuab zeb kom sib npaug sib npaug. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov tshuaj khib uas muaj zog dua thiab muaj lub zog ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Yog tias koj siv cov txiv qaub, qhov sib piv zoo rau kev ua cov tshuaj khib yog: 6 ntu xuab zeb, 2 ntu txiv qaub, thiab 1 feem cement
Kauj Ruam 5. Nco ntsoov tias siv cov kua qaub hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav ua rau cov tshuaj cag ua kom nrawm dua
Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrawm lossis ua cov khoom me me ntawm cov tshuaj khib sib xyaw.
Kauj Ruam 6. Kho cov tshuaj khib kom sib haum rau huab cua
Yog tias huab cua ntub heev, txias, lossis ntub, koj yuav tsum tau sib tov cov tshuaj khib ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis, tsis zoo li thaum huab cua kub heev thiab qhuav. Siv cov xuab zeb tsawg thiab dej ntau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Sim ua kom tau qhov sib xyaw kom raug thiab sib xws.
Feem ntau, mortar yog qhov yooj yim siv hauv huab cua me me, qhuav dua hauv huab cua txias thiab ntub. Thaum qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub txheeb xyuas qhov tuab tuab, thiab siv dej kom haum
Kauj Ruam 7. Kuaj cov tshuaj khib
Cug ua nyob rau hauv txoj cai tuab yuav tsum tuaj yeem lo rau cov pwm uas nyob ntawm kaum ntawm 90 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj khib yuav tsum tau ntub txaus kom nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau yooj yim thiab nchuav rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub thoob.
Kauj Ruam 8. Sim ntxiv cov txiv qaub thiab dej sov/dej kub thaum huab cua txias lossis ze rau khov
Qhov no yog txhawm rau pab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej ntawm cov cement thiab ua kom sib xyaw ua kom nrawm dua. Nco ntsoov, qhov sib tov yuav tsum tsis khov kom txog thaum nws tau ua tiav.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Sib tov Cug nrog Cement Tov Khoom
Kauj Ruam 1. Ntub lub tov khoom, lub log tsheb, thiab lub thoob
Ua ntej ntxiv cov khoom xyaw qhuav, ntub tag nrho cov cuab yeej, nqa cov tshuaj khib ze rau lub tov khoom, thiab nchuav cov tshuaj khib kom zoo kom txo cov khoom pov tseg. Muab ib nrab cov dej xav tau los ua cov sib tov sib xyaw rau hauv cov cement tov khoom lossis ntim khoom, thiab nchuav dej rau hauv lub thoob lossis lub log tsheb siv los nqa nws.
Nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm txoj haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem siv lub thawv me me sib xyaw ua ke, lossis siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog yog tias koj xav ua cov pob zeb loj. Lub tshuab no muaj lub ntsej muag tig uas tuaj yeem nqa tau txog 3 lub hnab ntawm cov cement ntsuas 40 kg thiab tuaj yeem txuag lub zog xav tau los sib tov ua khob cij. Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm qhov haujlwm tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub, txiav txim siab xauj lub tshuab no
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv cov khoom xyaw qhuav thiab pib sib tov
Yog tias siv lub tshuab fais fab, tig lub cuab yeej tig lub ntsej muag, tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxiv cov khoom xyaw qhuav. Ceev faj tsis txhob nchuav cov khoom thiab dej txaws, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
Qhov kev txiav txim uas koj ntxiv cov khoom xyaw tsis muaj teeb meem tiag tiag, tab sis qee tus neeg nyiam tso cov cement ua ntej cov xuab zeb (yog tias koj tsis siv cov cement tam sim). Feem ntau, nws yooj yim dua los qhib lub hnab ntim cov cement rau saum lub tov khoom, nchuav cov ntsiab lus, thiab ntxiv cov xuab zeb uas xav tau
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob coj koj lub ntsej muag ze thiab hnav tiv thaiv kev ua pa
Tsis txhob nqus cov hmoov av uas tawm los vim tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw muaj cov silicates uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob COPD (mob ntsws tsis zoo) thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv dej ntxiv yog tsim nyog
Thaum lub tshuab ua kom sib tov, ua tib zoo mloog cov tshuaj khib. Yog tias lub khob noom cookie zoo li qhuav, ntxiv dej me ntsis kom cov dej sib tov mos thiab noo. Tsis txhob ntxiv dej ntau dhau thiab zam kev ntxiv dej ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm kawg vim qhov no yuav ua rau cov tshuaj khib dhau, tsis ua raws, thiab siv tsis tau.
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Sib tov Mortar los ntawm txhais tes
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua ib pawg ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab tso lub hnab ntim cov cement raws qhov xav tau ib sab ntawm pawg xuab zeb
Hloov cov xuab zeb zoo li lub roob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhib lub hnab ntim cement los ntawm kev txiav ib sab ntawm rab riam lossis duav
Ncuav cov cement los ntawm lub hnab ntim dua thiab rub nws los hauv qab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv lub raj me me los yog duav kom sib tov
Xyuas kom tag nrho cov khoom xyaw tau tov zoo thiab hloov xim. Yog tias nws tsis sib tov sib npaug, cov tshuaj khib yuav tsis tau txais qhov zoo sib xws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv tus duav ua lub qhov taub (phiab), tom qab ntawd hliv dej rau hauv
Cov dej yuav pib nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib tov.
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv rab hneev los duav los daus qhov sib tov qhuav ntawm ntug, thiab muab nws pov rau hauv cov dej hauv nruab nrab
Khaws dej ntxiv raws li xav tau kom ua kom sib tov zoo thiab ntub. Do tag nrho cov khoom xyaw kom zoo zoo.
Kauj Ruam 6. Cia qhov sib xyaw zaum 3 txog 5 feeb thiab cia nws so rau lwm 1 feeb
Qee cov npe khoom lag luam pom zoo kom tso cov sib xyaw zaum ib pliag kom tso cov khoom ua kom ntub. Qhov no ua rau cov tshuaj phom sij zoo dua. Txhawm rau txuag sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem "so" qhov sib xyaw thaum thauj nws mus rau hauv lub thoob lossis lub log tsheb. Tsis txhob cia qhov sib xyaw zaum ntev li qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawv. Sib tov ntau ntau cov tshuaj khib kuj tuaj yeem qhuav nws thiab txo nws txoj haujlwm.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txheeb xyuas cov tuab ntawm cov tshuaj khib yog "wag" lub trowel. Nqa cov tshuaj khib nyiab siv lub trowel, tom qab ntawd ntswj koj lub dab teg mus rau qib nws nrog lub tiaj tiaj ntawm lub trowel, tom qab ntawd tig lub trowel 90 degrees. Yog tias cov tshuaj khib tseem ua, nws txhais tau tias lub khob noom cookie zoo
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Siv Mortar
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib tso cov cib
Txheeb xyuas tias cov tshuaj khib tau mus txog qhov ua tau zoo, tom qab ntawd hloov nws mus rau lub thoob lossis lub log tsheb kom siv rau kev cib. Xyuas kom koj tau ntub txhua yam kom cov tshuaj khib yuav lo zoo. Cug yuav yooj yim siv yog tias koj ua txhua yam raug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj hnav cov cuab yeej muaj kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog thaum tuav tshuaj khib
Cug qhuav uas tsoo lub qhov muag, lub ntsws, thiab txhais tes tuaj yeem mob heev thiab txaus ntshai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau looj hnab looj tes thaum tuav tshuaj khib, thiab hnav looj tsom iav tiv thaiv thiab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag thaum sib xyaw cov khoom xyaw qhuav. Cov ntaub ntawv qhuav tuaj yeem ntab saum huab cua thiab tsoo lub ntsej muag, uas yog teeb meem loj rau lub ntsws. Ua qhov no kom zoo thiab ib txwm hnav cov iav kev nyab xeeb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv dej me ntsis ib ntus
Cug qhuav sai sai, thiab qhov no yog qhov ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig thiab zoo heev los siv. Koj tuaj yeem tso cov cib nrog tshuaj khib kom sai li sai tau. Thaum kawg, cov tshuaj khib ntawm cov laug cam yuav pib qhuav kom koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau npaj cov dej kom txau thiab sib tov nrog cov tshuaj cug siv rab diav rawg kom tswj tau kom ruaj khov.
Cov phab ntsa yuav tsis muaj zog yog tias koj siv tshuaj khib uas qhuav heev, thiab tuaj yeem yog teeb meem loj yog tias koj siv nws los tsim lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau kom cov tshuaj ua kom zoo, ua kom cov dej ntub thiab siv tau yooj yim
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob tso cov tshuaj cug tsis siv rau ntau tshaj 2 teev
Tom qab 1½ lossis 2 teev, cov tshuaj khib yuav qhuav dhau thiab tsis tsim nyog siv, txawm tias koj tau ntxiv dej me ntsis rau qhov sib tov. Tsim koj txoj haujlwm kom zoo thiab sib tov cov tshuaj khib raws li xav tau. Cov tshuaj khib ntxiv tsis tuaj yeem siv tau.
- Yog tias koj siv chalk, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sai lossis qhov no yog koj thawj zaug tso cib, ua cov khoom me me ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Sib tov cov tshuaj khib nyiab txaus kom ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 45 txog 60 feeb.
- Yog tias lwm tus neeg txaus siab pab, kom nws sib tov cov tshuaj mortar thiab nqa nws mus (ua haujlwm zoo li cua txias).
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxuav cov cement tov khoom thiab txhua yam khoom siv thaum ua tiav
Qhov kawg ntawm hnub nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm cib, tseem muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua, uas yog kev ntxuav cov xuab zeb qhuav thiab tawv ntawm cov cement tov, cov phab ntsa uas tsim tshiab, cov log tsheb, thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no, tab sis muaj ib qho uas yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws. Ntaus cov cuab yeej nrog rauj, tom qab ntawd khaws cov tshuaj cug qhuav thiab muab pov tseg ntawm qhov chaw raug.
Tsis txhob siv qhov huv no rau qhov pom zoo. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsoo yog tias koj tsis ntxuav cov tshuaj qhuav. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis pom cov tshuaj khib qhuav ntau yog tias koj sib tov sib xyaw kom raug, tab sis yuav muaj qee qhov flakes nyob ntawd
Kauj Ruam 6. Sim sib tov lub khob noom cookie me me
Kev sib tov sib xyaw dua (yog tias nws tseem tsis muaj) yog qhov zoo dua li tawm hauv pawg ntawm cov cement qhuav kom pov tseg.
Lub tswv yim
- Muab cov dej tso rau hauv lub thoob ua ntej ua ntej tshuaj khib kom koj tsis tas yuav tawm tsam nrog kev sib xyaw kom sib xyaw cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qab ntawm lub thoob sib npaug.
- Yog tias cov tshuaj khib ntawm lub tsev zoo li crystallizing zoo li ntsev, qhov no feem ntau yog vim tias cov tshuaj qhuav sai heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Npog cov phab ntsa uas koj tsim nrog cov ntaub ntub los yog ntaub pua tsev rau 1 lossis 2 hnub kom qeeb cov txheej txheem kom qhuav thiab txhawm rau ua kom lub neej ntawm koj txoj haujlwm tiav.
Ceeb toom
- Tiv thaiv koj ob lub qhov muag thaum koj tuav cov cement, cov xuab zeb thiab cov kua qaub li cov hmoov av thiab cov cement qhuav yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Lub tshuab tov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tseem tuaj yeem txau cov khoom uas tau tig hauv nws. Nws raug nquahu kom koj hnav tsom iav tiv thaiv.
- Siv lub tshuab ua pa uas tuaj yeem yuav tom khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Cov phev muaj alkaline pH thiab tuaj yeem hlawv qhov ntswg lossis lub ntsws. Tsis txhob cia koj tus kheej mob thaum ua haujlwm ntawm ib qhov haujlwm. Cua tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov hmoov av thaum koj sib tov.
