Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tau paub dav, tab sis koj puas paub thaum nws xav tau? Tus mob Tetanus hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau tsim muaj qis vim tias muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tseem ceeb heev, vim tias tsis muaj tshuaj kho tus kab mob tetanus, uas yog los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov quav, quav, thiab cov tsiaj pov tseg. Cov kab mob lom no tsim cov kab mob uas nyuaj rau tua vim lawv tiv taus cua sov, nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tetanus tawm tsam lub paj hlwb thiab ua rau cov leeg nqaij mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov puab tsaig thiab caj dab. Tetanus tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ua pa, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tuag. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum paub thaum twg thiaj xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Paub Thaum Twg Koj Yuav Tsum Tau Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Quav Qaib
Kauj Ruam 1. Nug koj tus kws kho mob kom txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tom qab raug mob
Feem ntau, cov kab mob co toxins nkag rau hauv lub cev los ntawm qhib qhov txhab tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj kab mob tetanus. Nug kom tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov raug mob hauv qab no lossis qhov txhab uas ua rau mob pob khaus:
- Cov qhov txhab uas pom tau tias muaj kab mob sib kis nrog av, quav quav, lossis quav quav.
- Stab txhab. Cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob xws li ntoo ntoo, ntsia hlau, koob, iav tawg, thiab tib neeg thiab tsiaj tom.
- Hlawv. Qhov kub thib ob (kub hnyiab ib nrab lossis tawv nqaij tawv) thiab qhov kub thib peb (kub hnyiab uas cuam tshuam rau txhua txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij) muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntau dua li kev kub nyhiab thawj qib (kub nyhiab).
- Zuaj qhov raug mob uas ua rau cov nqaij puas vim yog lub siab ntawm cov khoom hnyav. Qhov kev raug mob no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov khoom hnyav poob rau ntawm lub cev.
- Kev raug mob uas ua rau nqaij tuag. Cov ntaub so ntswg tsis tau muab ntshav ntxiv lawm, yog li lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntau ntxiv (ntxiv rau qhov raug mob hnyav). Piv txwv li, qhov txhab loj (cov ntaub so ntswg tuag hauv lub cev) muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntau dua.
- Qhov mob uas muaj lub cev txawv teb chaws. Qhov mob uas tseem muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li ntoo ntoo, iav tawg, pob zeb, lossis lwm yam khoom muaj qhov pheej hmoo kis mob ntau dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub thaum twg koj xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus
Nug kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tias koj tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yooj yim (txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thawj zaug) lossis tsis nco qab zaum kawg uas koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Koj yuav tsum paub yog xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thaum koj raug mob. Koj xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tias:
- Koj qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov khoom "huv", tab sis zaum kawg koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog 10 xyoo dhau los.
- Koj qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov khoom "qias neeg", thiab zaum kawg koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog 5 xyoos dhau los.
- Koj tsis paub tseeb tias qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov "qias neeg" lossis "huv", thiab koj qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus kawg tau ntau dua 5 xyoos dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thaum cev xeeb tub
Txhawm rau pab xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus rau tus menyuam hauv plab, koj yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus ntawm 27-36 lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub.
- Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo Tdap txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) thaum peb lub hlis thib peb ntawm cev xeeb tub.
- Koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj Tdap tam sim tom qab yug yog tias koj tsis tau muaj ua ntej lossis thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Koj yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tias koj raug mob los ntawm cov khoom qias neeg lossis raug mob thaum cev xeeb tub.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los kho tus mob tetanus yog tiv thaiv nws thaum ntxov. Cov neeg feem coob tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis qee qhov kev mob me me yog ib txwm muaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me no suav nrog o, mob, thiab liab ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj uas feem ntau yuav daws tau hauv 1-2 hnub. Koj tsis xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tsuav yog koj ib txwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej 10 xyoo. Cov hauv qab no yog qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus:
- DTaP. Tus mob diphtheria, hnoos qeev (hnoos hnoos) thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus feem ntau yog muab rau menyuam mos hnub nyoog 2, 4, thiab 6 lub hlis, tom qab ntawd rov ua dua thaum 15 thiab 18 hlis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DTaP muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov menyuam yaus. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoos xav tau koob tshuaj ntxiv.
- Tdap. Sij hawm dhau mus, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yuav txo qis, yog li cov menyuam yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Tdap suav nrog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tag nrho, thiab txo qis koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab pertussis. Txhua tus neeg thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11-18 xyoos raug pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11-12 xyoos.
- Td. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, raws li cov neeg laus koj yuav xav tau txhaj tshuaj Td (tetanus thiab diphtheria) txhua 10 xyoo. Cov qib tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ploj hauv qee tus neeg tom qab 5 xyoos, yog li qhov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau pom zoo yog tias koj muaj qhov txhab, qhov txhab ua paug thiab tsis tau txhaj tshuaj dua hauv ntau dua 5 xyoos.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kev Paub thiab Kawm Txog Tetanus
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub leej twg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob tetanus thiab nws kis tau li cas
Yuav luag txhua kis mob tetanus tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis cov neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj dua tom qab 10 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob no tsis kis ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus, yog li nws txawv heev los ntawm lwm yam kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm qhov txhab. Cov kab no tuaj yeem tso tawm cov tshuaj neurotoxins uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov leeg nqaij thiab txhav.
- Cov teeb meem los ntawm tus mob tetanus feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis cov neeg laus uas tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus hauv cov tebchaws.
- Koj kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tus mob tetanus ntau ntxiv tom qab muaj xwm txheej ntuj, tshwj xeeb yog koj nyob hauv ib lub tebchaws uas tab tom txhim kho.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob tetanus
Ntxuav thiab tua kab mob los yog raug mob tam sim tom qab ntsib lawv. Kev ncua tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntau tshaj 4 teev ua rau muaj feem tuaj yeem tsim tus kab mob tetanus. Cov kauj ruam no tseem ceeb dua yog tias lub qhov txhab tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom uas tau nkag rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau cov kab mob thiab cov av nkag mus tob rau hauv lub qhov txhab, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
Ua tib zoo saib kom huv ntawm qhov khoom ua rau lub qhov txhab txhawm rau txiav txim siab yog tias koj xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Ntawm cov khoom qias neeg lossis tsis huv, muaj av/av, qaub ncaug, lossis tsiaj/tib neeg pov tseg, thaum nyob ntawm cov khoom huv, tsis muaj qhov tsis huv li. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom muaj cov kab mob nyob ntawm ib yam khoom
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob tetanus
Lub sij hawm tsim tawm rau tus mob tetanus txawv ntawm 3-21 hnub, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 8 hnub. Qhov mob hnyav ntawm tus mob tetanus tau muab cais ua ntu I ntawm IV. Ntev cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tsawg dua yuav kis tus mob tetanus uas tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm tetanus (raws li qhov tsos) suav nrog:
- Cov leeg nqaij hauv puab tsaig (feem ntau hu ua txhav txhav tas)
- Lub caj dab nruj
- Nyuaj nqos (dysphagia)
- Mob plab txhav zoo li lub rooj tsavxwm
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub lwm yam tsos mob ntawm tus mob tetanus
Kev kuaj mob tetanus yog ua raws cov tsos mob ib leeg. Tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav uas tuaj yeem kuaj mob tetanus, yog li ua tib zoo saib cov tsos mob tseem ceeb heev. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom kub taub hau, tawm hws, nce ntshav siab, lossis ua rau lub plawv dhia nrawm (tachycardia). Paub txog lwm yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua tau, suav nrog:
- Laryngospasm, lossis cramping ntawm cov suab nrov, uas thaiv kev ua pa
- Cov pob txha tawg
- Qaug dab peg
- Lub plawv dhia txawv txav
- Kev kis mob thib ob xws li mob ntsws, vim yog nyob hauv tsev kho mob ntev
- Pulmonary embolism, lossis ntshav txhaws hauv lub ntsws
- Kev tuag (10% ntawm cov neeg mob tetanus qhia tias tuag taus)
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Kho Tetanus
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav kev kho mob
Yog koj xav lossis xav tias koj muaj tus mob tetanus, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim. Qhov xwm txheej no yog xwm txheej ceev thiab koj yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob vim nws cov neeg tuag coob lossis tus neeg tuag (10%). Hauv tsev kho mob, koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, xws li tetanus immunoglobulin. Cov tshuaj antitoxin no yuav tshem tawm cov co toxins uas tseem tsis tau khi rau cov leeg nqaij. Koj lub qhov txhab tseem yuav raug ntxuav kom zoo, thiab koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob no tsis txhob rov tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Kev kis tus kab mob tetanus tsis ua rau koj tiv thaiv kab mob no tom qab lub neej. Koj tseem xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus los tiv thaiv nws
Kauj Ruam 2. Nug koj tus kws kho mob kom sau ntawv kho koj
Tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav uas tuaj yeem kuaj mob tetanus. Yog li Kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj ntshav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuas tus kab mob no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kws kho mob feem ntau tsis siv sijhawm tos-thiab-ntsuas kev mus rau tus kab mob, tab sis hloov kev saib xyuas lub hom phiaj yog tias xav tias muaj tus kab mob tetanus.
Kev txheeb xyuas tus mob tetanus los ntawm kws kho mob feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob hnyav dua, ua sai dua
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob tetanus
Tsis muaj kev kho rau tus mob tetanus, yog li kev kho mob yog qhia rau ntawm cov tsos mob thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem. Koj yuav tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub qhov txhab, txhaj tshuaj, lossis hais lus. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tseem yuav tau muab tshuaj los tswj cov leeg nqaij.
- Qee cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tswj cov leeg nqaij suav nrog suav nrog tshuaj sedatives xws li tshuaj benzodiazepine, ntawm lwm tus, diazepam lossis Valium, lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), thiab midazolam (Versed).
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tab sis tej zaum yuav tau hais kom txwv tsis pub rov tsim cov kab mob Clostridium tetani. Yog li, ua kom qeeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom.
Lub tswv yim
- Muaj ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus uas tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus mob diphtheria thiab pertussis (Tdap), lossis tsuas yog tus mob diphtheria (Td). Kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 10 xyoo.
- Hnub uas koj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus kawg yuav tsum tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm kws kho mob lub chaw haujlwm. Qee tus neeg nqa daim npav tshwj xeeb los lees paub hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim npav no los ntawm kws kho mob.
- Yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus mob tetanus, nco ntsoov nkag siab cov cim thiab teeb meem uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau. Cov leeg nqaij uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem hnyav heev thiab cuam tshuam nrog ua pa. Qhov ua kom txhaws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav heev uas lawv ua rau txha nraub qaum lossis lwm cov pob txha ntev.
- Zoo dua los tiv thaiv tshaj thov txim. Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog tus kab mob tetanus, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim.
- Qee cov kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li tus mob tetanus. Malignant hyperthermia yog kab mob kis tau los uas ua rau kub taub hau sai thiab mob nqaij ntshiv hnyav thaum koj raug txhaj tshuaj loog. Mob plab yog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij ib ntus. Cov tsos mob feem ntau pib tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab-40s.
