Kev khaws cov tsiaj ntawv yog ib txoj hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb hauv ob tus kheej thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv lub neej. Cov ntawv sau cia tso cai rau koj kom pom sai thiab rov ua cov ntaub ntawv ib leeg. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua cov ntaub ntawv raug tiv thaiv thiab ib txwm nyob ntawm tes. Muaj ntau txoj cai rau ua cov ntawv sau ua lus Indonesian kom tswj tau cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Khaws Cov Ntawv Cim
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab tias yuav siv cov ntawv dab tsi
Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li yooj yim, cov ntawv sau ua kab ntawv muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv los ntawm. Koj yuav tsum xaiv ib qho system thiab siv nws tas li.
- Cov ntawv sau ua ntawv yog ua raws txhua tsab ntawv hauv txhua lo lus hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas nws tshwm sim, thiab tsis quav ntsej qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov lus.
- Lo lus los ntawm lo lus khaws cia yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas txhua daim ntawv raws li thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus ua ke.
- Kev ua ntaub ntawv ntawm ib chav tsev yuav siv txhua lo lus, ntawv luv, thiab pib ua tus lej thiab txheeb lawv. Nov yog kab ke uas feem ntau pom zoo kom ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pawg cov ntaub ntawv
Thaum koj muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau khaws cia, txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas faib lawv tag nrho ua ke. Koj tuaj yeem siv phau ntawv txhais lus txhais lus, qhov twg txhua yam yog txheeb raws tus tsiaj ntawv, tsis hais hom ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv hauv nws. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv hom ntawv encyclopedia, qhov twg koj sib faib cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm hom lossis cov ncauj lus, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb lawv raws tus tsiaj ntawv.
Yog tias koj muaj ntau hom ntaub ntawv los khaws (cov ntawv txais nyiaj, daim ntawv sau se, ntawv sau, thiab lwm yam), peb pom zoo kom siv hom ntawv encyclopedia. Pawg cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm hom ua ntej, tom qab ntawd txheeb lawv raws tus lej. Siv ciam teb lossis xim xim cais cov ntaub ntawv
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg
Indexing yog pawg txhua ntu ntawm cov ntawv npe rau hauv cov chav uas tsim nyog. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej lawv tau khaws cia, koj yuav tsum faib cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub npe ntawv thiab tsim lub npe tshiab uas tau hloov kho raws tus tsiaj ntawv, thiab txawv ntawm lub npe tsis raug. Piv txwv li:
- Hais tias koj yuav tsum ntsuas thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: ib tsab xov xwm ntawm anoa muaj cai "Anoa Eating Behavior", phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij anoa tus kws tshaj lij, Jasmin A. Dahlia, thiab daim ntawv nthuav qhia rau anoa exhibition ntawm Jakarta Zoo.
- Phau ntawv sau txog Jasmin A. Dahlia tau sau ua "Dahlia, Jasmin A.", vim tias hauv kev sau, lub xeem yuav tsum yog thawj.
- Yog tias koj xaiv hom kev faib tawm xws li phau ntawv txhais lus, kab lus "Anoa Eating Behavior" yuav tsum tau ntsuas raws li. Raws li, khaws nws hauv pawg ntawv "P" (rau "Tus Cwj Pwm").
- Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas "Anoa Noj Tus Cwj Pwm" raws li "Anoa, Noj Tus Cwj Pwm" yog tias koj siv phau ntawv qhia kev nthuav qhia-pab pawg, ntau dua li tsuas yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog anoa. Cov ntawv no tau muab khaws cia rau hauv pawg ntawv "A".
- Cov ntawv nthuav qhia tuaj yeem ua tus lej "Anoa, exhibition (Jakarta Zoo)" yog tias koj kwv yees tias yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv ntawm kev nthuav qhia anoa.
- Txwv tsis pub, daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav raug ntsuas raws li "Jakarta Zoo, (Anoa Exhibition)" yog tias koj cia siab tias yuav tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog Jakarta Zoo, lossis yog tias koj xav siv phau ntawv qhia kev nthuav qhia ua pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm thaj chaw.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb cov ntaub ntawv raws tus lej cim npe
Txoj cai dav dav ntawm kev ua cov tsiaj ntawv yog npaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm A (thawj) txog Z (kawg). Siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb los txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv thiab xaj kom koj tuaj yeem cais cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li:
- Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntsuas hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los tej zaum yuav zoo li no (nyob ntawm qhov kev siv): "Dahlia, Jasmin A.", "Jakarta Zoo (Anoa Exhibition)", thiab "Anoa Eating Behavior" LOS YOG "Anoa, exhibition (Jakarta) Zoo)) "," Anoa, Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm ", thiab" Dahlia, Jasmin A. ".
- Cov ntaub ntawv rau “Kangaroo” tau txheeb tseg tom qab cov ntaub ntawv rau “Ntxhw”. Cov ntaub ntawv rau "Giraffe" yuav nyob nruab nrab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau "Anoa" tau xaj ua ntej "Xyooj" thiab "Yaj". Yog li, qhov kev txiav txim yog: "Anoa", "Bear", "Sheep", "Elephant", "Giraffe", "Kangaroo".
- Yog tias koj ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv "Armadillo", lawv yuav yog tom qab "Anoa". Txij li thaum lawv ob leeg pib nrog tsab ntawv "A", koj yuav tsum saib tsab ntawv tom qab A ("N" rau anoa, thiab "R" rau "armadillo") txhawm rau txiav txim qhov kev txiav txim. Yog li, qhov kev txiav txim tshiab yog: "Anoa", "Armadillo", "Bear", "Sheep", "Elephant", "Giraffe", "Kangaroo".
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau koj daim ntawv tais ceev tseg
Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim mus nrhiav, sau txhua daim ntawv khaws tseg nrog lub cim npe lub npe sib xws rau cov ntawv hauv nws. Txoj hauv kev no tseem ua rau nws yooj yim dua los khaws cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kom raug.
- Muab cov ntawv khaws cia rau hauv nws daim nplaub tshev.
- Nws yuav yooj yim dua yog tias koj xim coded daim nplaub tshev kom nws siv tau yooj yim. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv phau ntawv txhais lus encyclopedia pawg, txhua pab pawg tau muab nws tus kheej xim, thiab txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv txhua pab pawg tau sau npe raws li nws cov xim.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov ntawv txheeb xyuas thiab ua cov txheej txheem
Koj qhov kev ntsuas thiab kev ua ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua tiav tas li. Xyuas kom txhua tus neeg uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv paub lub kaw lus nws tau ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tsim lossis sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj li kev cai ua ntawv foob. Qhov no yuav pab txhua tus kom tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv teev npe kom raug.
Kauj Ruam 7. Khaws cov ntawv tshiab kom raug
Muab cov ntaub ntawv tso rau hauv lub txee los ntawm lub npe cim thiab cov ntawv xaj, raws li koj qhov system. Yog tias tsim nyog, txav cov ntawv tam sim no suav nrog cov ntawv tshiab hauv nws qhov chaw raug.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Teem Cases Tshwj Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Qee lub sij hawm nws yooj yim dua los khaws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lo lus tseem ceeb, ntau dua li lub npe lossis lub npe teev nyob rau ntawd. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab tshawb nrhiav siv cov ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li:
"Thawj Lub txhab nyiaj hauv Jakarta" yuav raug txheeb xyuas thiab khaws cia ua "Jakarta, Thawj Lub Tuam Txhab". "Jakarta" yog lo lus tseem ceeb hauv qhov nkag no, tsis yog "Thawj" lossis "Bank", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub npe zoo sib xws, xws li "First Bank in Bandung" lossis "First Bank in Medan"
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb cov npe los ntawm lub xeem
Cov txheej txheem khaws cia pom zoo tias tib neeg lub xeem lub npe raug txheeb xyuas thawj zaug vim lawv suav tias yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
- Yog li ntawd, "Jasmin A. Dahlia" raug ntsuas thiab khaws cia ua "Dahlia, Jasmin A."
- Suav nrog lub npe (Dr., Ir, thiab lwm yam) thaum kawg. Piv txwv li, “Dr. Jasmin A. Dahlia "raug ntsuas thiab khaws cia ua" Dahlia, Jasmin A., Dr."
- Feem ntau, cov npe raug txheeb raws li lawv tsab ntawv sau ua ntawv. Piv txwv li, "MacDonald" yuav yog ua ntej "McDonald". Yog li, "D" "," L "", "Le", "de", thiab lwm yam. suav tias yog ib feem ntawm lub npe thiab tsis yog chav sib cais. Qhov no feem ntau yog siv rau cov npe txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv "Heinlein", "Le Guin" "L'Engle", thiab "Wolfe", tau raug txheeb xyuas kom raug (TSIS YOG "L'Engle," Le Guin "," Heinlein "," Wolfe ").
- Ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai no feem ntau yog siv thaum ib tus neeg lub npe ua ib feem ntawm lub npe lag luam lossis koom haum. Hauv qhov no, kho tus neeg lub npe ua chav nyob hauv lub npe lag luam. Piv txwv, "Jasmin A. Dahlia Pest Control Services" raug xa hauv tsab ntawv "J", thiab tsis suav tias yog "Dahlia, Jasmin A. Pest Control Services".
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis quav ntsej cov ntawv, kev sib txuas, thiab cov lus piav qhia
Cov kab lus (piv txwv li "a", "an", thiab "the" hauv lus Askiv), kev sib txuas (piv txwv li "thiab", "tab sis", thiab "lossis"), thiab cov lus ua ntej (piv txwv li "nrog", "los ntawm", thiab " rau ") feem ntau hla hauv kev ntsuas thiab khaws cov tsiaj ntawv vim tias nws tsis suav tias yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov no muaj tseeb txawm hais tias kab lus, kev sib txuas, lossis cov lus piav qhia ua lub npe cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li:
- Cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Emu Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv" tau muab khaws cia rau hauv tsab ntawv "E", rau "Emu" (lo lus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv npe), hloov ntawm tsab ntawv "A" los ntawm "an" raws li qhov no yog Lus Askiv tsab xov xwm.
- "Dahlia thiab Soetono, Kev Tswj Kab Tsuag" tau teev tseg tom qab "Dahlia, Jasmin A." Cov cim npe ob qho tib si pib nrog cov tsiaj ntawv "Dahlia" kom qhov kev txiav txim txiav txim siab tau hloov mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tom ntej (hauv qhov no, "Soetono" thiab "Jasmin") los txiav txim qhov kev foob. Tsis quav ntsej lo lus "thiab" vim nws tsis tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tuav cov ntawv luv li yog lawv tau tshaj tawm
Hauv kev ua ntaub ntawv, koj yuav ntsib cov ntawv luv xws li "Tbk." (luv rau "Qhib"). Feem ntau, koj ntsuas thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo li lo lus, tsis yog ib kab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv.
Piv txwv li, "Jasmin A. Dahlia Mining Company" tau muab khaws tseg tom qab "Jasmin A. Dahlia Tbk."
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov lej raws li ib txwm muaj
Thaum koj khaws cov ntaub ntawv raws tus lej, koj yuav pom cov ntawv uas muaj tus lej. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv no tau khaws cia li qub, ntau dua li yog tias lawv tau sau tawm. Cov lej kuj tseem khaws ua ntej ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, "3 Hnub Mus Ib Txhis" yuav raug khaws ua ntej "100 Cov Lus Qhia Ua Lag Luam" (vim "3" los ua ntej "100").
- "Cov Lus Qhia Ua Lag Luam" thiab "Cov Lus Qhia Ua Lag Luam" yuav muab khaws cia tom qab "100 Cov Lus Qhia Ua Lag Luam" vim tias cov lej raug xaj ua ntej ntawv.
- Cov lej sau tau raug kho ua cov lus tsis txhob siv tus lej. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv “100 Tus Thawj Coj Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Kev Lag Luam Hauv Ntiaj Teb”, “Ob Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm Muaj Peev Xwm Muaj Zog rau Kev Ua Lag Luam”, thiab “Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Ua Lag Luam” tau ua tiav.
- Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws ua rau koj cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim dua, tsis txhob ua qhov tshwj xeeb thiab ib txwm txheeb cov lej zoo li lawv tau sau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua tus cim tshwj xeeb
Txhua tus tsis yog tus lej lossis tus lej uas tsis tau ntsib thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tuav cov cim cuam tshuam yog nyob ntawm hom:
- Cov cim cim cim tseg (xws li kab lus luv, lub sijhawm, thiab tus lej) feem ntau tsis quav ntsej. Piv txwv li, “Washington's Best Coffee”, thiab “Washington State Fair” cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws tseg cia.
- Feem ntau, cov ntawv sau tsis quav ntsej thiab suav tias yog cov ntawv muaj feem cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, "clair" tau muab khaws cia ua "Eclair", thiab "ber" zoo li "Uber". Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev tsis siv yog tias koj khaws cov ntawv ua niam ntawv ua ib hom lus uas siv cov ntawv sau ua cim kom cov ntawv ib txwm ua ntawm cov lus ntawd yuav tsum tau ua raws.
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv txoj cai "tsis muaj dab tsi ua ntej ib yam dab tsi" yog tias tsim nyog
Feem ntau, qhov chaw (suav nrog cov cim cim cim thiab lwm yam uas tau hla) tsis quav ntsej thaum khaws cov tsiaj ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj ntsib cov ntawv uas pib zoo ib yam, siv qhov chaw lossis "tsis muaj dab tsi ua ntej ib yam dab tsi" txoj cai los qhia qhov kev txiav txim hauv cov ntawv khaws cia.
- Piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv “Bank Jakarta”, “Bank Bandung”, thiab “Bank Medan” tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim no.
- Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv "Dahlia, Jasmin A." yog ua ntej "Dahlia, Jasmin A., Dr."
Kauj Ruam 8. Paub cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxiv, yog tias tsim nyog
Hauv qee kis, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tsis txaus los txiav txim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los ntsuas thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Kos cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm txhua daim ntawv kom lawv tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv. Piv txwv li:
- Yog tias koj muaj ntaub ntawv rau ob tus neeg npe Jasmin A. Dahlia, txheeb lawv raws hnub yug. Cov ntaub ntawv "Dahlia, Jasmin A. (yug 1853)" los ua ntej "Dahlia, Jasmin A. (yug xyoo 1967).
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem txheeb cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm thaj chaw. Yog tias koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm peb lub txhab nyiaj sib txawv los ntawm peb qhov chaw sib txawv, thiab txhua lub txhab nyiaj muaj lub npe "Bank Mandiri", txheeb nws zoo li cov piv txwv hauv qab no: "Bank Mandiri (Bandung)", "Bank Mandiri (Jakarta)", thiab "Bank Mandiri (Medan) ".
- Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj ob daim ntawv nyob rau ntawm dais lossis hom dais, sib txawv lawv ntxiv los ntawm hom, thaj chaw nyob, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li cov ntaub ntawv rau “Bear, Chocolate” thiab “Bear, Polar” (nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim), lossis cov ntaub ntawv rau “Bear (Europe)” thiab “Bear (North America)” (nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim).
Kauj Ruam 9. Tshaj tawm txhua qhov kev zam thiab cov cai tshwj xeeb
Ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus neeg uas siv koj cov ntaub ntawv paub txog ib qho kev zam rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem. Qhov no yuav pab xyuas kom txhua tus siv cov ntaub ntawv teev npe kom raug thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
