Yog tias koj yuav tsum sau cov ntsiab lus rau kev kawm lossis ntawv tshawb fawb, tsis txhob poob siab! Abstract yog kab lus yooj yooj yim thiab luv luv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm (kev sau txuj tshawb fawb) lossis ntawv ib leeg, uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm lwm tus los ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas (saib ua ntej). Cov ntsiab lus piav qhia txog yam koj tau ua hauv kev sau ntawv, txawm nws yog kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb lossis ntawv ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev sau ntawv. Cov ntawv nthuav qhia pab nyeem cov ntawv nkag siab thiab pab lawv tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab txiav txim siab yog tias nws haum rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Txij li cov ntawv sau cia tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm koj tau ua tiav, cov ntsiab lus tsis yooj yim los sau!
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Pib Sau Abstract
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau koj daim ntawv ua ntej
Txawm hais tias nyob ntawm qhov pib, cov ntawv daws teeb meem ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv. Ntau tshaj li tsuas yog qhia txog lub ncauj lus ntawm daim ntawv, cov ntsiab lus yog kev saib xyuas (txheej txheem) ntawm txhua yam koj tau sau txog hauv daim ntawv. Yog li, sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm theem kawg, tom qab koj ua tiav koj daim ntawv.
- Zuag qhia tag nrho, thesis thiab paub daws teeb yog ob yam sib txawv kiag li. Thesis-nqe lus txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib cav-hauv ib daim ntawv qhia txog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb lossis teeb meem, thaum lub ntsiab lus xav tau los tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv, suav nrog cov hau kev thiab cov txiaj ntsig.
- Txawm hais tias koj xav tias koj twb paub lawm tias koj daim ntawv yuav zoo li cas, nco ntsoov sau cov ntsiab lus zaum kawg. Koj tuaj yeem muab cov ntsiab lus raug dua yog tias koj ua li ntawd - suav qhov koj tau sau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas thiab nkag siab ntau yam uas koj xav tau los sau hauv ntu paub daws teeb
Cov ntawv koj tab tom sau tej zaum yuav muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb lossis cov tseev kom muaj, tsis hais cuam tshuam nrog kev tshaj tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm, tshaj tawm rau ib tshooj lus, lossis ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Ua ntej koj pib sau ntawv, xa mus rau cov lus qhia pib lossis phau ntawv qhia muab los nrhiav cov khoom tseem ceeb kom nco qab.
- Puas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov siab tshaj lossis ntev ntev?
- Puas muaj hom kev sau tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau siv?
- Puas yog koj sau ntawv rau tus kws qhia ntawv lossis rau kev tshaj tawm?
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog koj cov neeg nyeem
Cov ntawv sau luv luv tau sau los pab cov nyeem nkag siab txog koj txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv, hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb, cov ntawv sau cia tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv txiav txim siab seb qhov kev sib tham tshawb fawb cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov kev nyiam. Abstracts tseem pab cov nyeem sai sai rau cov lus piav qhia tseem ceeb uas koj muab. Khaws txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm tus nyeem ntawv hauv siab thaum koj sau cov ntsiab lus.
- Puas yog lwm txoj kev kawm hauv tib thaj chaw tseem yuav nyeem qhov paub daws teeb?
- Puas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv lossis ib tus neeg los ntawm lwm qhov chaw?
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab seb hom kev paub daws teeb twg koj yuav tsum sau
Thaum txhua hom kev paub daws teeb yeej muaj tib lub hom phiaj, muaj ob hom ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: piav qhia thiab qhia paub. Tej zaum koj yuav raug nug kom siv qee yam kev sau ntawv, tab sis yog tsis yog, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab hom kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv paub daws teeb meem tau siv rau kev tshawb fawb ntev dua nrog rau kev tshawb fawb txuj ci, qhov kev piav qhia cov ntsiab lus zoo dua yog siv rau cov ntawv luv.
- Cov ntsiab lus piav qhia piav qhia lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj, thiab kev tshawb fawb tab sis tsis sau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Xws li cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tsuas yog suav nrog 100-200 lo lus.
- Cov ntaub ntawv paub daws teeb meem yog qhov luv luv ntawm koj daim ntawv, uas muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog koj li kev tshawb fawb suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig. Cov ntawv sau daws teeb meem no ntev dua li cov ntsiab lus piav qhia, thiab tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ib kab lus mus rau ib nplooj ntawv ntev.
- Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb suav nrog hauv ob hom kev paub daws teeb yog tib yam, nrog qhov sib txawv yooj yim yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tau suav nrog hauv cov ntaub ntawv paub daws teeb meem xwb. Cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb kuj tseem ntev dua li cov ntsiab lus piav qhia.
- Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tsis tau siv ntau zaus, tab sis yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nthuav tawm tib lub hom phiaj ib yam li ob qhov kev paub daws teeb meem, tab sis kuj tseem xav txuas qhov kev kawm lossis tshawb fawb rau hauv kev sib tham ntawm tus kws sau ntawv kev tshawb fawb. Qhov kev paub daws teeb meem no yuav piav qhia txog kev tshawb fawb tsim lossis txheej txheem.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Sau Abstract
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas koj lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb
Piv txwv li, koj sau txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis noj su hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov qhab nia tsis zoo. Ces? Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb? Cov neeg nyeem xav paub yog vim li cas koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog dab tsi. Pib koj cov ntsiab lus piav qhia los ntawm kev xav txog cov lus nug hauv qab no:
- Vim li cas koj thiaj txiav txim siab ua qhov kev kawm lossis phiaj xwm no?
- Koj ua koj li kev tshawb fawb li cas?
- Koj pom dab tsi?
- Vim li cas qhov kev tshawb fawb no thiab koj qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb?
- Vim li cas ib tus neeg yuav tsum nyeem koj cov ntawv tag nrho?
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav txog qhov teeb meem
Cov ntsiab lus hais txog "teeb meem" tom qab koj tshawb fawb. Xav txog nws raws li qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas koj qhov kev tshawb fawb lossis phiaj xwm tau npaj tseg. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem sib txuas qhov teeb meem nrog kev txhawb siab los ua kev tshawb fawb, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom ua kom pom tseeb thiab cais ob qho.
- Yam teeb meem twg koj xav paub lossis daws tau zoo dua los ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb?
- Koj qhov kev kawm/tshawb fawb yog dab tsi - teeb meem dav dav, lossis qee yam tshwj xeeb?
- Koj cov lus tseem ceeb lossis kev sib cav yog dab tsi?
Kauj Ruam 3. Piav qhia txoj hauv kev uas koj tau siv
Koj tau piav qhia txog 'kev txhawb siab' thiab 'teeb meem'. Yuav ua li cas txog qhov 'txheej txheem'? Nws yog nyob hauv ntu no uas koj nthuav qhia txog kev yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav kev tshawb fawb. Yog tias koj tab tom tshawb fawb koj tus kheej, suav nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm nws hauv cov ntsiab lus no. Yog tias koj tab tom tshuaj xyuas lwm tus neeg txoj kev tshawb fawb, ua luv luv.
- Sib tham txog koj cov kev tshawb fawb suav nrog ntau yam sib txawv nrog rau txoj hauv kev koj tau siv.
- Piav cov pov thawj uas txhawb nqa koj cov lus.
- Muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb (hauv kev qhia paub daws teeb meem nkaus xwb)
Nov yog qhov uas koj pib ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus piav qhia thiab qhia paub daws teeb meem. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv paub tsis meej, koj yuav raug nug kom piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm koj txoj kev kawm/tshawb fawb. Koj pom dab tsi?
- Koj tau txais cov lus teb dab tsi los ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb lossis kev kawm?
- Puas yog koj qhov kev xav lossis kev xav txhawb kev tshawb fawb?
- Cov kev tshawb pom dav dav yog dab tsi?
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau qhov xaus
Qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum xaus qhov xaus thiab kaw koj cov ntsiab lus. Thaum xaus qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb pom nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv. Cov hom ntawv sau qhov kev xaus tuaj yeem siv ob qho kev piav qhia thiab qhia paub daws teeb meem, tab sis koj tsuas yog yuav tsum teb cov lus nug hauv qab no hauv cov ntaub ntawv paub daws teeb.
- Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb?
- Puas yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb dav dav lossis tshwj xeeb?
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Sib sau ua Abstract
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj cov ntsiab lus kom zoo
Hauv koj cov ntsiab lus, muaj cov lus nug tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau teb, tab sis cov lus teb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum haum rau txhua hom ntawv uas koj sau, feem ntau suav nrog 'qhia', 'lub cev' thiab 'xaus'.
Ntau phau ntawv xov xwm muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev paub daws teeb meem. Yog tias koj tau txais cov txheej txheem lossis cov lus qhia, ua raws nraim li lawv tau sau
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig
Tsis zoo li cov kab lus hauv nqe lus uas tej zaum yuav txhob txwm tsis meej, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muab cov lus piav qhia muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm koj daim ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb. Sau cov ntsiab lus kom tus nyeem ntawv paub meej tias koj tab tom tham txog dab tsi thiab tsis nyob ib puag ncig - cov lus nug tsis teb tshwm sim - nrog kab lus tsis meej lossis hais txog.
- Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv luv lossis cov ntawv luv luv ncaj qha hauv cov ntsiab lus, vim tias txhua yam yuav tsum tau piav qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv los txiav txim. Lawv siv ua qhov chaw sau muaj txiaj ntsig raug pov tseg, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum zam.
- Yog tias koj lub ncauj lus yog qee yam uas koj paub zoo txaus, koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov npe ntawm cov neeg lossis cov chaw uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj daim ntawv.
- Tsis txhob suav cov ntxhuav ntev, cov duab, cov peev txheej, lossis cov lus hais hauv koj cov ntsiab lus. Dhau li noj ntau qhov chaw, uas feem ntau tsis yog qhov tus nyeem ntawv xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau los ntawm doodles
Yog lawm, cov ntsiab lus yog qhov tseeb, tab sis txawm li cas los xij nws yuav tsum tau sau cais los ntawm daim ntawv. Tsis txhob theej cov ntawv ncaj qha los ntawm koj daim ntawv, thiab zam kev rov sau koj cov kab lus los ntawm ib feem ntawm daim ntawv. Sau cov ntsiab lus uas siv cov lus tshiab thiab kab lus los ua kom nws nthuav thiab tsis pub dhau pleonasm - siv ntau lo lus ntau dua qhov tsim nyog.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv cov kab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus
Yog tias koj cov ntsiab lus yuav raug tshaj tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm, koj yuav xav kom cov nyeem pom nws yooj yim. Vim li no, cov nyeem yuav tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv online hauv kev cia siab tias cov ntawv, zoo li koj li, yuav tshwm sim. Sim siv 5-10 lo lus tseem ceeb lossis kab lus hais txog kev tshawb fawb hauv koj cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau ib daim ntawv hais txog kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg ntsig txog tus mob schizophrenia, nco ntsoov siv cov lus xws li "schizophrenia", "hla kev coj noj coj ua", "culture-bound", "mob hlwb", thiab "kev lees paub hauv zej zog". Nov yog cov lus uas tib neeg siv thaum tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus koj tab tom sau txog
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv cov ntaub ntawv tseeb
Koj yuav tsum tau txais cov neeg los nyeem koj cov ntsiab lus; paub daws teeb yog hom kab nuv ntses uas yuav txhawb kom lawv nyeem koj cov ntawv txuas ntxiv mus. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob ua tus nyeem ntawv txaus siab los ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau cov tswv yim lossis kev kawm uas tsis suav nrog hauv koj daim ntawv. Txheeb cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tsis siv hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv yuav nkag siab yuam kev rau koj cov neeg nyeem thiab thaum kawg ua rau koj cov neeg nyeem qis.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsis txhob sau ntawv tshwj xeeb
Abstract yog cov ntsiab lus, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob hais txog yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb, tshwj tsis yog lub npe lossis chaw nyob. Koj tsis tas yuav piav qhia lossis txhais cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntsiab lus, txhua yam koj xav tau yog siv. Zam kev piav qhia ntau dhau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb.
Tsis txhob siv cov lus-cov lus tshwj xeeb rau ib qho tshwj xeeb. Cov lus tshwj xeeb no yuav tsis nkag siab los ntawm tus neeg nyeem thoob plaws hauv koj daim teb thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem
Kauj Ruam 7. Nco ntsoov hloov kho qhov yooj yim
Cov ntsiab lus yog ib qho kev sau uas, ib yam li lwm daim ntawv sau, yuav tsum raug kho ua ntej ua tiav. Txheeb ob zaug rau cov ntawv sau tsis raug thiab sau tsis raug thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa zoo.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tau txais tswv yim los ntawm lwm tus
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los qhia yog tias koj tau sau koj cov ntawv kom zoo yog kom muaj ib tus neeg nyeem koj cov ntawv sau tseg. Nrhiav ib tus neeg uas tsis paub dab tsi txog koj txoj haujlwm. Nug nws kom nyeem, tom qab ntawd qhia nws qhov nws nkag siab txog koj li kev paub daws teeb meem.
- Tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij (xibfwb), cov npoj yaig hauv koj txoj haujlwm, kws qhia lossis kws pab tswv yim los ntawm chaw sau ntawv yuav pab tau zoo heev. Yog tias koj muaj cov peev txheej no, siv lawv!
- Kev thov kev pab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau koj paub txog ib qho kev xav tau hauv koj thaj chaw. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshawb fawb kev siv lub suab tsis zoo (xws li 'qhov kev sim no tau ua tiav') yog qhov ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntawv nyeem kev siv lub suab nquag yog feem ntau nyiam.
Lub tswv yim
- Cov ntawv sau feem ntau suav nrog ib lossis ob kab lus thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 10% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv. Saib ntawm qee qhov ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntawv zoo sib xws kom tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm koj cov ntawv paub daws teeb yuav tsum zoo li cas.
- Ua tib zoo xav seb yuav siv daim ntawv lossis paub daws teeb li cas. Nws feem ntau tsim nyog xav tias koj cov neeg nyeem tau nkag siab txog koj li kev suav nrog cov lus tshwj xeeb uas siv, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias koj ua txhua yam nws yuav siv los ua kom cov ntsiab lus yooj yim nyeem.
