Koj puas tau xav tsim daim ntawv qhia ua kom tiav koj cov ntawv tshiab, lossis tsim kev nco txog tus kheej ntawm qhov chaw koj tau mus? Nrog tsuas yog kev npaj me me thiab tsim qauv, koj yuav yog tus tsim daim ntawv qhia chaw tsis muaj sijhawm!
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Tsim Daim Ntawv Qhia
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm daim duab qhia chaw
Ua ntej koj pib kos duab, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab tias daim ntawv qhia yuav loj npaum li cas. Puas yog koj npaj yuav qhia tag nrho ntiaj chaw (tej zaum lub ntiaj teb) nthuav tawm, lub ntiaj teb, ib sab av loj, ib lub tebchaws, lossis tsuas yog lub xeev lossis nroog? Qhov no siv rau ob daim duab qhia chaw tiag tiag thiab cov duab qhia kev xav uas tsim los ntawm koj txoj kev xav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab qhov av-rau-dej piv rau koj daim ntawv qhia
Nrog qee qhov kev zam, koj yuav tsum tsim daim ntawv qhia chaw (tshwj tsis yog daim ntawv qhia ze) uas muaj dej thiab av. Tab sis koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov loj npaum li cas hauv txhua qhov. Txog daim duab qhia chaw loj, koj yuav tsum qhia dej hiav txwv, dej ntws, thiab pas dej. Cov duab qhia me me tuaj yeem qhia tsuas yog ib feem ntawm dej hiav txwv, dej ntws, lossis qee lub pas dej thiab pas dej. Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia tsuas yog thaj av me me ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, ces koj yuav tsim daim ntawv qhia uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov dej nrog ob peb lub tebchaws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog yam koj yuav suav nrog hauv daim duab qhia chaw
Koj tsim hom ntawv qhia dab tsi? Geographic/lub cev, kev nom tswv, txoj kev qhia, lossis lwm daim duab qhia chaw? Hom daim duab qhia chaw yuav tsim tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov koj piav qhia lossis kos nws, yog li txiav txim qhov no ua ntej pib koj qhov haujlwm. Tau kawg koj tuaj yeem tsim daim ntawv qhia uas yog ua ke ntawm tag nrho peb qho, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau txo tus nqi uas koj suav nrog kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg saib.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim daim duab qhia chaw raws li lwm cov yam ntxwv ib yam nkaus, xws li kev lag luam, cov chaw muaj neeg nyob coob, lossis ntau hom lus
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab seb daim ntawv qhia yuav qhia li cas
Qhov no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav txim siab yuav suav nrog lossis ntsuas ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, thiab tseem tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Puas yog koj tab tom npaj yuav kos cim qhov chaw loj tshaj lossis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm daim duab qhia chaw? Lossis, koj puas xav qhia txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qhov koj piav qhia? Cov ntsiab lus koj xav suav nrog yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas koj lub cev kos duab daim duab qhia chaw (ntawm daim ntawv loj lossis cov ntawv, lossis cov ntawv me me lossis ntawv loj).
Kauj Ruam 5. Xav txog cov qauv huab cua
Thaum qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov uas tsim lawv tus kheej daim duab qhia chaw, xav txog huab cua huab cua yog qhov tseem ceeb los hais txog qee yam ntawm lub cev ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia. Nws yuav nag ntau qhov twg lossis thaj chaw suab puam nyob qhov twg? Cov cheeb tsam no puas sib haum nrog hiav txwv/dej hiav txwv qhov chaw, roob, thiab thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb (zoo li qhov chaw nyob tiag)? Koj tuaj yeem xav txog huab cua/ib puag ncig thiab huab cua qauv ntawm qee thaj tsam ua ntej kos lawv, los tsim daim ntawv qhia ntxaws thiab muaj tiag.
Kauj Ruam 6. Xaiv seb koj yuav tsim daim ntawv qhia li cas
Puas yog koj tab tom npaj kos daim duab qhia chaw, siv lub khoos phis tawj siv kos duab, lossis tsim daim duab qhia chaw uas siv tus tsim daim ntawv qhia sib tham hauv Is Taws Nem? Txhua qhov ntawm cov kev xaiv no yuav xav tau kev npaj sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj npaj siab yuav kos lawv tus kheej ntawm tes. Kuj tseem muaj kaum ob ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsim duab hauv Is Taws Nem, yog tias koj tsis txaus siab rau kev mob siab rau lossis tsis paub meej txog koj tus kheej lub peev xwm kev kos duab.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kos Duab Qhia
Kauj Ruam 1. Kos tus qauv ntawm thaj av
Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab npaum li cas koj daim ntawv qhia yuav yog, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim ntawm thaj av uas koj yuav kos thiab nws dav npaum li cas. Pib nrog tus txheej txheem ntxhib uas siv cov kab ncaj los kos daim av. Thaum koj tau txais koj cov kab kos kos txoj hauv kev uas koj xav tau, kos nws dua los tsim cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws (feem ntau me ntsis ntais) cov qauv uas piav txog lub puam thiab nws thaj tsam.
- Thaum kos cov qauv ntawm thaj av, txiav txim siab qhov twg cov phaj tectonic (xav txog lossis tiag tiag) yuav nyob hauv qab nws. Qhov no yuav pab koj tsim daim ntawv qhia tseeb ntau dua, piv txwv tias koj kos nws los ntawm koj lub tswv yim.
- Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li peninsulas, Islands tuaj, archipelagos, deltas, lossis bays rau thaj av loj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv txoj dej
Feem ntau nws xav tias thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm thaj av yog dej hiav txwv lossis dej loj. Tab sis tam sim no koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov pas dej me me lossis cov dej uas koj xav tau suav nrog. Cov dej los yog cov dej no feem ntau yog dej ntws, pas dej, hiav txwv, kwj dej, thiab ntug hiav txwv. Nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv qhia ntxaws npaum li cas, cov pas dej, cov kwj deg, cov dej, thiab cov pas dej kuj tseem yuav suav nrog hauv koj daim ntawv qhia.
Yog tias lub cev dej me me tab sis tseem ceeb (xws li lub pas dej lossis kwj dej), tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem kos nws ntawm daim duab qhia chaw thiab hais tias nws me me
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau thaj av
Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau yam kom ntxaws rau thaj av nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm daim duab qhia chaw uas koj xav tau, tab sis feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg me ntsis ntawm kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Xav txog kev ntxiv cov roob, hav, hav suab puam, hav zoov, thiab toj siab rau thaj av. Ua kom huab cua thiab qauv huab cua nyob hauv siab, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov hav zoov, hav zoov, hav dej, hav dej, tundra, cov nyom thiab pob zeb tawg thoob plaws koj daim ntawv qhia.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab lub tebchaws lossis lub nroog
Ib yam li ua ntej, qhov no tseem yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv qhia tau tsim, tab sis feem ntau nws yuav pab ntxiv cov qauv qhia rau lub tebchaws/cheeb tsam thiab ntxiv qee lub nroog loj. Qhia kev faib cov teb chaws, thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev, thiab thaj tsam nrog cov kab yooj yim. Qhov kev faib no yuav ua raws ib puag ncig ib puag ncig xws li dej ntws lossis roob, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav rau koj. Koj tuaj yeem qhia cov nroog nrog xaiv cov cim, feem ntau me me ntawm lub hnub qub lossis ntxiv rau cov cim.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxiv xim rau daim duab qhia chaw
Cov duab qhia chaw tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua nrog kev ntxiv xim. Cov xim tuaj yeem qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj av (zoo li hauv daim duab qhia chaw), qhia txawv lub tebchaws (xws li hauv daim ntawv qhia nom tswv), lossis yooj yim raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog tias koj tsis xav ntxiv xim, tsawg kawg ntxiv qee cov duab ntxoov ntxoo dub thiab dawb/txho. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov txheej txheej xim kom pom qhov tshwj xeeb xws li lub nroog lossis hav zoov siv ntau yam xim palettes, lossis koj tuaj yeem siv tsuas yog ob rau peb xim ua qhov sib txawv.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau daim ntawv qhia chaw
Cov txheej txheem, koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov ntawv lo rau hauv daim duab qhia chaw, tab sis nws tseem tsis meej pem yog tias koj tsis sau lawv. Pib los ntawm daim ntawv lo thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tias thaj chaw no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm kev siv font loj dua lwm daim ntawv lo. Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv, sau ntau thaj tsam ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Siv cov ntawv sib txawv los sawv cev rau hom sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv, suav nrog cov ntawv qaij lossis siab tawv (lossis sau ntawv).
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Ntxiv Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim daim ntawv qhia chaw
Cov yuam sij hauv daim ntawv qhia yog cov duab me me uas qhia cov cim lossis xim uas koj siv hla daim duab qhia chaw. Cov cim lossis xim no yuav pab tus nyeem daim ntawv qhia nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm hom kab lossis tus cim, nrog rau yog vim li cas koj thiaj xaiv siv cov xim tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov suav nrog txhua lub cim koj siv hauv koj daim ntawv qhia chaw, yog li koj tsis txhob yuam kev daim ntawv qhia kev nyeem.
Cov yuam sij hauv daim ntawv qhia qee zaum hu ua lus dab neeg
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv qhov ntsuas
Nplai qhia tias pes tsawg kilometers sawv cev rau ib centimeter ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas nws los ntawm kev kos kab me me hauv qab uas qhia pom qhov deb nyob deb npaum li cas hauv ib cheeb tsam me. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv daim duab qhia chaw ntawm ntu loj lossis txo qis los qhia qhov ntsuas kom raug dua. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov sib piv rau koj qhov ntsuas tsis txhob kos txhua yam (piv txwv li 1 centimeter: 100 kilometers).
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia daim duab qhia kev
Koj tuaj yeem qhia qhov taw qhia ntawm daim duab qhia chaw los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qhov khoob ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yuav qhia txog kev qhia ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, xws li sab qaum teb/qab teb thiab sab hnub poob/sab hnub tuaj. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog tias kev taw qhia ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia txawv txav, piv txwv li sab qaum teb ze rau hauv qab.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv kab latitude thiab longitude kab
Cov kab ntawm latitude thiab longitude yuav tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov duab qhia chaw, tab sis lawv yuav luag ib txwm tsim nyog ntawm daim duab qhia chaw tiag. Cov kab no faib daim ntawv qhia kab rov tav thiab kab rov tav, yog li qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev saib ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab no. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab no ncaj ncaj thiab muaj qhov nrug deb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab sijhawm/hnub tim
Cov cheeb tsam tau qhia ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, ob qho tib si ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua nom ua tswv, feem ntau hloov pauv lub sijhawm (txawm tias ntawm daim duab qhia chaw xav). Vim li no, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub sijhawm lossis hnub tim thaum daim duab qhia chaw tau kos rau ntawm nplooj ntawv qhia chaw. Koj kuj tseem xav suav nrog hnub tim uas daim duab qhia chaw tau kos, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua los ua qhov cim ntawm thaj tsam ntawm hnub uas daim ntawv qhia tau kos.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv
Tej zaum koj yuav xav sau qee cov lus piav qhia hauv ntu ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Cov ntawv piav qhia no tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tab sis yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia chaw tsis tau teeb tsa zoo li daim ntawv qhia ib txwm lossis yog nws yog daim duab qhia chaw uas koj tsim. Cov ntawv piav qhia no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, yog li tus nyeem daim ntawv qhia paub tias cov lus piav qhia no tsis yog xav piav qhia qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm daim duab qhia chaw.
Lub tswv yim
- Sketch daim duab qhia chaw ntawm kev sau ua ntej, tom qab ntawd hloov daim phiaj rau daim ntawv zoo dua.
- Yog qhov no pab tau, paub txog cov pejxeem thiab cheeb tsam ua ntej kos daim duab qhia chaw. Qhov no yuav pab nrog qhov ntsuas thiab cuam tshuam tag nrho. Xijpeem koj ua, sim tsis kos txhua yam ua ntej koj zoo siab nrog tus so.
