Hauv kev qhib phau ntawv xeem, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ncauj lus raug sim. Koj tuaj yeem xeem qhov no rau qhov pom zoo, thiab xav tias koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nrhiav cov lus teb rau kev xeem hauv phau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no tsis yog lawm. Qhib phau ntawv xeem feem ntau nyuaj rau kev xeem vim tias koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov khoom. Ib qho ntxiv, koj kuj tseem yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv, xav txog kev xav, thiab sau cov lus teb kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev npaj tau zoo, sau cov txuj ci, thiab cov tswv yim rau kev xeem, kev ua tiav hauv kev xeem yog nyob ntawm koj txhais tes.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Npaj rau Kev Xeem
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias vim li cas cov kws qhia ntawv/kws qhia ntawv qhib phau ntawv xeem
Kev qhib phau ntawv xeem tsis yog los ntsuas kev nco. Koj yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm koj xub ntiag, tab sis cov lus nug koj yuav tsum teb feem ntau nyuaj. Qhib phau ntawv xeem feem ntau yog txhawm rau sim cov tub ntxhais kawm lub peev xwm nqus cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo, tsis txhob sim cov tub ntxhais kawm cim. Ntawd yog, cim cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm phau ntawv tsis txaus. Koj yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus nug.
- Piv txwv li, hauv chav kawm Literature Indonesian, koj yuav tsis raug nug "Marah Roesli ua haujlwm yog dab tsi?", Tab sis cov lus nug uas yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv "Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm poj niam txiv neej, dab tsi yog qhov pov thawj ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug poj niam los ntawm Sitti Puas yog?"
- Feem ntau, muaj ob hom kev qhib phau ntawv xeem, uas yog kev xeem dawb thiab cov ntawv xeem. Hauv cov ntawv xeem, koj tsuas tuaj yeem siv qee yam ntaub ntawv ua pov thawj, piv txwv li sau ntawv lossis phau ntawv qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov kev xeem dawb, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau chav kuaj mob. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem xeem tus lej hauv tsev. Xyuas kom koj paub hom kev xeem ua ntej pib.
- Koj tsis tas yuav cim ua ntej ua qhov kev xeem qhib phau ntawv, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis txhais tau tias koj tsis tas yuav kawm. Nkag siab cov khoom siv los sim, tsis txhob cim nws los ntawm lub siab. Koj yuav tsis tau txais lus nug zoo li "Qhia rau kuv txog X"; Cov lus nug uas tshwm sim yuav xav kom koj thov X rau qhov xwm txheej Y, lossis piav qhia qhov cuam tshuam ntawm X ntawm qhov xwm txheej Y uas nyuam qhuav tshwm sim. Xyuas kom koj nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej nkag mus rau chav xeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua ntej pib qhov kev xeem, nrhiav thiab kos cov khoom uas tseem ceeb
Yog tias koj raug tso cai nqa phau ntawv mus rau chav kuaj mob, npaj koj cov ntawv kom cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau sai thiab yooj yim.
- Siv tus cwj mem cim yog tso cai. Kos lo lus tseem ceeb, cov hnub tseem ceeb, cov qauv, thiab lwm yam khoom uas nyuaj rau cim thiab tej zaum yuav tshwm ntawm qhov kev xeem. Tom qab khij cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem pom nws yooj yim thaum koj qhib phau ntawv hauv qhov kev xeem.
- Cov ntawv sau sab kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab koj npaj cov ntaub ntawv, yog tias koj raug tso cai siv lawv. Sau cov kws qhia cov lus lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab lus nyuaj hauv cov npoo tuaj yeem pab koj nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv sai.
- Bookmark nplooj ntawv nplooj ntawv. Coob leej neeg quav cov nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv, tab sis cov quav ntawd tuaj yeem hnov qab tau yooj yim. Sim yuav cov ntawv nplaum tshwj xeeb rau cim cov phau ntawv, uas tuaj yeem yuav tau ntawm cov khw muag khoom feem ntau lossis khw muag khoom yooj yim. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv xim los teeb tsa cov khoom koj tab tom khij. Kos cov khoom sib txawv nrog cov xim sib txawv.
- Yog tias koj tsis raug tso cai nqa phau ntawv mus rau chav kuaj mob, cov tswv yim saum toj no tseem tuaj yeem pab koj. Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv thaum koj kawm tuaj yeem pab koj nrhiav cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sim nkag siab cov khoom
Kev kawm rau kev qhib phau ntawv kuaj mob tuaj yeem nyuaj heev, vim tias cov txuj ci uas tau sim tsis yog tsuas yog nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sau cim. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ua raws cov lus qhia no kom ntseeg tau tias koj npaj txhij mus xeem:
- Sau cov lus pom thiab nkag siab ntawm cov khoom hauv cov ntawv, vim tias koj nkag siab yuav raug sim. Nyuaj rau koj tus kheej kom piav qhia qhov koj nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab vim li cas koj thiaj los txog qhov kev nkag siab ntawd. Qhov kev tawm dag zog no pab koj txhim kho cov txuj ci kev xav, uas yuav xav tau thaum koj xeem cov ntawv qhib kev xeem.
- Yog tias koj tus kws qhia muab cov lus nug piv txwv rau koj, sim teb lawv thaum kawm. Qhib phau ntawv xeem xav kom koj nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv raug sim, yog li cov lus nug piv txwv no tuaj yeem pab koj npaj rau kev xeem.
- Kawm hauv pab pawg. Thaum cov pab pawg kawm tuaj yeem pab koj ua txhua yam kev xeem, pab pawg kawm tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev xeem phau ntawv qhib. Hloov chaw ntawm kev sim ntsuas, koj tuaj yeem sib tham thiab sib cav txog cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kawm, yog li koj tuaj yeem kawm paub siv cov ntaub ntawv uas koj nyuam qhuav kawm.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txhim Kho Kev Ceeb Toom
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm tag nrho chav kawm
Raws li yooj yim li nws tau hais, kev suav tag nrho chav kawm yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los xyuas kom meej tias koj cov ntawv sau ua ke nrog cov khoom raug sim.
- Nco ntsoov tias kev qhib phau ntawv tshuaj xyuas yuav tsis tsuas yog ntsuas koj qhov cim xeeb, tab sis kuj koj lub peev xwm nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua tus kws qhia ntawv / kws qhia ntawv muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv thaum kuaj cov ntaub ntawv, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem kawm qhov ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm kev sau ib leeg. Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov kev tsom xam ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, koj yuav tsum koom nrog cov kws qhia ntawv chav kawm.
-
Kos ib feem uas koj tsis nkag siab, piv txwv nrog cov lus nug. Tshem qee cov ntawv sau tseg kom pom cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tom qab. Yog tias koj tseem muaj teeb meem nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv, nug tus phooj ywg hauv chav kawm lossis email tus kws qhia ntawv.
- Tsis nkag siab qee yam ntawm cov khoom yog ntuj heev. Cov kws qhia zoo yuav zoo siab lees txais cov lus nug.
- Yog tias koj tseem tsis nkag siab qee yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qhov ntawd zoo. Yog tias koj raug nug kom xaiv cov lus nug hauv kev xeem sau ntawv, nws yog qhov zoo kom paub lub ncauj lus koj tuaj yeem sau txog.
- Yog koj tus xibfwb hais lus nrawm, sim sau cov lus qhuab qhia nrog tus xibfwb tso cai. Txawm hais tias koj tsis raug tso cai nqa cov ntawv kaw rau hauv chav kuaj mob, koj tuaj yeem mloog cov ntaub ntawv tom qab chav kawm los txhim kho koj txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom. Qee tus kws qhia ntawv txawm muab kaw lawv cov lus qhuab qhia yog li koj tuaj yeem mloog lawv tom qab.
- Thaum koj muaj mob lossis tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog chav kawm, qiv tus phooj ywg cov ntawv. Nug kom tau kev pab los ntawm cov phooj ywg uas paub tias mob siab rau sau ntawv, tsis yog cov neeg uas nquag kawm thiab zoo li tub nkeeg.
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj koj cov ntawv thaum kawm lus qhuab qhia, thiab thaum npaj mus xeem
Tsis txhob mus rau qhov kev kuaj mob nrog ntau pawg ntawv sau ua ke nrog qhov tseeb thiab cov qauv.
- Siv tus lej thiab kab nkag mus rau cim cov ntawv. Cov neeg feem coob siv cov lej Loos los sau cov ntawv, nrog cov ntawv loj rau cov npe thiab cov tsiaj ntawv qis rau cov ntawv me. (Piv txwv li IV thiab i.v).
- Hnub tim txhua daim ntawv yog li koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv tsis meej pem, yog tias koj nco qab thaum nws tau qhia.
- Cais cais cov ntawv ib chav kawm. Siv phau ntawv cais lossis phau ntawv cais cais ntawv los ntawm txhua chav kawm.
- Sau kom zoo. Yog tias koj paub koj cov ntawv sau tsis zoo heev, sim coj koj lub laptop mus rau chav kawm kom ntaus. Txawm li cas los xij, ceev faj. Ntau tus kws qhia ntawv tsis tso cai muaj lub khoos phis tawj nyob hauv chav kawm, vim tias lawv tau txiav txim siab cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm.
- Sim zam kev yaum kom kos thaum cov khoom hauv chav kawm tsis txaus. Cov duab no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj thaum koj sim kawm tom qab.
- Muab cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj-nkag siab thaum pib ntawm koj cov ntawv kom koj tuaj yeem qhib lawv yooj yim thaum kuaj mob. Kuj sau cov qauv, nqe lus, thiab hnub tseem ceeb thaum pib ntawm koj cov ntawv, vim lawv txhua tus tuaj ntau zaus ntawm kev xeem thiab tuaj yeem nyuaj nrhiav.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsom ntsoov rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb
Qee lub sij hawm, peb xav sau tag nrho phau ntawv lossis lus qhuab qhia thaum npaj ua qhov kev xeem phau ntawv qhib. Txawm li cas los xij, sib nrug los ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, sau tag nrho cov phau ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia kuj tseem tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Los ntawm kev sau txhua yam ntaub ntawv, koj yuav nyuaj rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv xav tau thiab siv sijhawm tsis dhau thaum lub sijhawm xeem.
- Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thaum kev qhuab qhia. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raug sau rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, rov hais dua, lossis tham tsis tu ncua, nws yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xeem. Suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tsom ntawm cov ntawv.
- Mloog cov ntaub ntawv thaum kawg ntawm kev qhuab qhia. Feem ntau, tus kws qhia ntawv kaw qhov luv luv uas suav tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev qhuab qhia hnub ntawd.
- Sib piv cov ntawv nrog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Yog tias koj tseem pom qee cov ntaub ntawv hauv tus phooj ywg cov ntawv, koj yuav xav kawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev tsom. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov khoom uas tau ploj lawm.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Kev Xeem
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyob twj ywm
Kev nruj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj lub peev xwm, yog li nco ntsoov koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej nyob hauv chav kuaj mob.
- Tsis txhob kawm ib teev ua ntej qhov kev xeem, thiab siv lub sijhawm no los ua kom siab nqig. Mus taug kev, lossis ua lwm yam qoj ib ce. Yog koj kawm txoj cai ua ntej kuaj, koj yuav hnov ntshai.
- Paub lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev xeem, tom qab ntawd nco ntsoov tias koj tawm ntxov. Kev ncua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab txo kev ua haujlwm.
- Pw tsaug zog zoo ua ntej kuaj. Txhua yam uas cuam tshuam rau koj lub cev ua ntej kuaj mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj lub siab lub ntsws, yog li ua kom koj tau so txaus ua ntej nkag mus rau chav kuaj mob.
- Yog tias koj pib muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum kuaj mob, so so. Txawm hais tias koj raug nias rau lub sijhawm, yuam koj tus kheej los ua teeb meem thaum koj ntxhov siab yuav tsuas yog ua rau koj ua tsis zoo. Tsis txhob ncua thiab ua pa tob tob kom ua rau koj tus kheej nqig ua ntej mus txuas ntxiv nrog kev xeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv lub tswv yim thaum xeem ntawv
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem sim ua kom koj lub sijhawm xeem ntau ntxiv thiab ua rau koj muaj feem tau qhab nia zoo.
- Koj qhov kev xeem phau ntawv qhib feem ntau yuav muaj sijhawm txwv. Paub lub sijhawm txwv, tom qab suav tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas los teb txhua nqe lus nug.
- Teb cov lus nug uas tuaj yeem teb tsis tau sau ua ntej kom txuag sijhawm. Lub sijhawm tseem tshuav koj tuaj yeem siv los teb cov lus nug uas nyuaj dua thiab xav tau cov neeg ua pov thawj los ntawm sau ntawv.
- Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem tiag tiag teb cov lus nug, kho cov lus nug zoo li cov lus nug ntawm lwm qhov kev xeem. Cia lo lus nug nyob tom qab thiab rov qab los xav txog qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sim, thaum koj tau tso siab thiab xav meej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Yog tias tseem tshuav sijhawm nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev xeem, ua ob zaug tshuaj xyuas cov lus teb los ntawm kev kho lawv mus rau qhov sau tseg
- Saib dua ntawm cov lus teb ntsuas, tom qab ntawv tshawb xyuas cov lus teb uas yuav tsis meej pem, xws li hnub tim, npe, lus siv, thiab suav.
- Ua tib zoo saib cov lus teb uas zoo li "tsis muaj zog," tom qab ntawd sim txhim kho lawv nrog lub sijhawm koj tau ncaim lawm.
Lub tswv yim
- Sau ntawv, txawm tias koj qhov kev xeem tsis yog qhov kev qhib qhib phau ntawv. Cov ntawv sau yuav tsis siv hauv kev xeem, tab sis lawv tseem yog phau ntawv qhia kev kawm zoo.
- Yog tias koj tsis paub tias yam khoom twg raug tso cai thiab tsis raug tso cai nkag rau hauv chav kuaj mob, tsis txhob yig tiv tauj nrog tus kws qhia ntawv/kws qhia ntawv ua ntej kev xeem.
Ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob sau ntau dhau, vim koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xeem.
- Tsis txhob theej phau ntawv nyeem thaum teb. Kev luam yog kev dag, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau koj tsis xeem lossis kawm, lossis tseem tau txais kev kawm/raug cai.
