Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm theem siab lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm theem siab yuav tau kawm txog lub cev ntawm cov khoom muaj sia nyob rau qee lub sijhawm. Tej zaum tam sim no yog koj tig los kawm txog ntau yam organelles hauv tsiaj thiab cog qoob loo. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab ua kom pom qhov koj nyuam qhuav kawm los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv peb-seem ntawm cov cell thiab lawv cov qauv (lossis tau muab txoj haujlwm los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv los tsim ib qho), kab lus no tuaj yeem coj koj mus thoob plaws tus txheej txheem ua qauv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Npaj Qauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog lub xov tooj ntawm tes ua ntej
Koj yuav tsum paub thiab nkag siab txog ntau yam organelles (cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov cell, koj tuaj yeem hais tias 'lub cev' ntawm tes) thiab lawv cov haujlwm, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov organelles no, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj yog tias koj xav tsim kom raug -dimensional qauv.
- Koj kuj yuav tsum nkag siab cov organelles hauv hlwb yog tias koj xav ua qauv rau lawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nkag siab cov duab ntawm organelle ua ntej. Feem ntau cov xim hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv tsuas yog siv los txhawm rau cais ib qho organelle los ntawm lwm qhov thiab tsis zoo ib yam li cov xim qub, yog li koj tuaj yeem muaj tswv yim me ntsis nrog xaiv cov xim rau tus qauv los ua, tab sis cov duab yuav tsum zoo sib xws..
- Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov organelles cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg li cas. Piv txwv li, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ib txwm nyob ze ntawm cov cell nucleus vim tias hom organelle no ua haujlwm rau txheej txheem cov protein siv rau kev hloov pauv DNA. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab qhov tseeb zoo li no thaum tsim cov qauv ntawm cov cell thiab lawv cov organelles.
- Paub txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cell cog thiab tsiaj tsiaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom paub txog cov cell cog yog tias lawv cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog ua los ntawm cellulose, lawv cov vacuoles (sau cov dej thiab cov enzymes uas tau ntim rau hauv ib daim nyias nyias) loj, thiab muaj chloroplasts (sab hauv ntawm cov cell cog uas ua haujlwm los hloov hnub ci rau lub zog uas tuaj yeem siv tau) siv).
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim lub tswvyim rau tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua
Hom kev xaiv ntawm tes yuav sawv cev los ntawm pob tshab, piv txwv li, nws cov khoom yuav nyob hauv cov khoom siv txhais tau? Puas yog tus qauv yuav zoo li lub xovtooj ntawm tes txiav ib nrab tab sis tseem tso saib nws sab hauv hauv peb qhov ntev? Cov lus qhia rau kev ua ob tus qauv no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ob peb ntu tom ntej, tab sis hauv qhov tseeb ob qho qauv muaj lub tswv yim zoo li no:
- Thawj tus qauv peb-dimensional ntawm lub xovtooj yog kheej kheej tag nrho, ua kom cov organelles sab hauv nrog cov gelatin meej.
- Tus qauv peb-dimensional cell thib ob yog lub cell txiav hauv ib nrab los qhia cov organelles sab hauv. Cov qauv no yog tsim los siv cov khoom siv tes ua tshwj xeeb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog cov ntaub ntawv twg uas yuav siv los ua tus qauv no
Tau kawg, cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom qauv twg koj yuav tsim.
- Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau koj siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ntau lossis tsawg dua cov duab zoo ib yam li cov khoom uas koj tab tom yuav ua qauv-hais, cov khoom uas yog puag ncig zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm lub xovtooj.
- Tab sis ntawm chav kawm, ntau ntawm cov organelles hauv cov cell yog cov duab tsis txaus ntseeg, yog li nws zoo li me ntsis tsis zoo li koj yuav pom cov khoom uas zoo ib yam. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no koj yuav tsum xav txog cov ntaub ntawv twg hloov pauv tau thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim kom muaj tswv yim
Puas yog tus qauv ntawm tes ua tau noj? Cov xim twg yuav siv rau txhua tus organelle? Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj hauv tus qauv, tab sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis tas yuav txwv koj kom muaj tswv yim thiab muab koj tus qauv ua tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv Gelatin
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav cov khoom siv los ua cov khoom ntawm tes
Hauv tus qauv tshwj xeeb no, koj yuav siv ntau hom zaub mov thiab khoom uas koj nquag pom hauv chav ua noj. Nws nyob ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv twg koj xav siv, tab sis ntawm no yog qee cov tswv yim koj tuaj yeem siv:
- Ntshiab gelatin tuaj yeem siv ua cytoplasm. Yog tias koj xav kom tus qauv zoo li qhov tseeb, koj kuj tuaj yeem siv cov gelatin uas tsis nyiam. Yog tias koj xav ua tus qauv noj tau, xaiv hom gelatin uas tsis tsaus rau xim kom cov organelles uas suav nrog gelatin tseem pom.
- Rau cov cell nucleus, nucleolus, thiab nuclear membrane: Yuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog qhov chaw me me, xws li plums lossis txiv duaj. Cov pob me tuaj yeem dhau los ua nucleolus, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem dhau los ua nucleus ntawm tes, thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj nuclear. (Yog tias koj tsis raug nug kom tsim tus qauv nyuaj, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas puag ncig).
- Lub centrosome feem ntau yog taw qhia, kom nws ua ke ntau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav nrog cov pos hniav los yog lwm yam me me ntawm cov pos hniav.
- Ua kom lub cev Golgi siv cov ntawv los xij, cov ncuav qab zib, cov ci ci, cov txiv tsawb txiav ua tej daim me me, lossis tej zaum ib daim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib sib dhos zoo li lub raj.
- Rau cov lysosomes, siv cov khoom qab zib me me los yog chocolate chips.
- Mitochondria yog me ntsis oval hauv cov duab, yog li sim siv cov taum lima lossis qee hom taum tsis muaj tawv nqaij.
- Ribosomes: Rau ribosomes, koj xav tau qee yam me me. Sim me me nplej, kua txob, lossis kua txob qhuav.
- Qhov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum zoo li lub cev Golgi, ob qho tib si muaj ob peb nplooj ntawv sib sau ua ke saum ib leeg; tsuas yog saum npoo yog rougher. Koj tuaj yeem siv Golgi lub cev cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov no, tab sis tseem nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua kom lub ntsej muag zoo dua qub los ntawm kev siv cov ntawv ntxhib los ntxhib rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij (meises tuaj yeem ua qhov ntawd ib yam) kom txawv nws los ntawm Golgi lub cev.
- Hauv kev sib piv, qhov kawg endoplasmic reticulum zoo li cov kab ntawm cov raj sib txawv sib txawv sib txawv. Txhawm rau ua ib qho, koj xav tau qee yam uas yooj yim los ua thiab xav tias du ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Siv cov spaghetti siav, zom cov khoom qab zib, lossis cov khoom qab zib muag uas tau nthuav dav dav.
- Vacuoles: Rau cov tsiaj tsiaj, siv cov pos hniav uas hais txog qhov loj me me-thiab xim zoo ib yam, tab sis pom-dhau (tom qab tag nrho, vacuoles tsuas yog cov hnab me me uas muaj dej thiab cov enzymes). Tsis zoo li cov vacuoles hauv cov tsiaj tsiaj, cov vacuoles hauv cov hlwb cog yog loj dua me me. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig qhov no, koj tuaj yeem npaj lwm cov kua gelatin (uas yuav ua rau me ntsis saturated, ua kom nws tawv dua) kom muab tso rau hauv cov qauv cog ntoo.
- Cell microtubules tuaj yeem ua tau siv spaghetti sticks lossis straw, nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm koj qhov project.
- Rau cov chloroplasts (cog cov cell nkaus xwb), siv cov taum pauv, taum ntsuab taum ntsuab, lossis cov noob taum txiav ib nrab. Khaws cov chloroplasts ntsuab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav gelatin pwm
Koj yuav xav tau cov pwm los tsim cov cell tab sis ua ntej txiav txim siab seb hom cell twg koj yuav ua. Tsiaj thiab cog hlwb sib txawv hauv cov duab thiab xav tau cov qauv sib txawv.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ua qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes, thawj qhov koj yuav xav tau yog lub tais ci ci, zoo dua cov plooj (porcelain). Cov phaj tuaj yeem yog ob phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab daim nyias nyias hauv cov qauv.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ua tus qauv ntawm tes tsiaj, koj yuav xav tau ib puag ncig lossis oval ci tais, xws li cov tais ci. Cov phaj no yuav dhau los ua daim nyias nyias ntawm cov qauv, lossis koj tsuas tuaj yeem siv lub phaj ua tus qauv. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tshem tus qauv kom tau npog nrog cov yas qhwv ua lub cell membrane.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kua gelatin
Ua cov gelatin raws li cov lus qhia ntawm pob - feem ntau pib nrog dej npau ntawm lub qhov cub, tom qab ntawd sib tov cov gelatin rau hauv. Ncuav dej sov gelatin rau hauv lub tais zaub mov lossis daim ntawv ci. Muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees thiab cia zaum li ib teev, lossis thaum cov kua tau yuav luag khov. Tsis txhob tos kom txog thaum gelatin nyuaj heev.
Qhov no yog vim koj xav kom cov kua gelatin ua kom tawv xwb nyob ze cov organelles twb tau muab tso rau hauv tus qauv.
Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom cov gelatin meej, yuav cov gelatin hauv cov xim zoo tshaj, xws li daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej gelatin
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv qhov seem hauv xovtooj ntawm tes rau hauv tus qauv
Pib dipping cov organelles koj tau ua rau hauv gelatin. Tej zaum cov organelles tuaj yeem tso zoo li no:
- Muab cov cell nucleus ntxhib rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus qauv (tshwj tsis yog tias koj tab tom ua qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes).
- Muab lub centrosome ze rau lub nucleus ntawm tes.
- Muab cov du endoplasmic reticulum ze rau ntawm cov cell nucleus.
- Kuj tseem tso Golgi lub cev nyob ze ntawm cov cell nucleus (tab sis deb ntawm qhov endoplasmic reticulum).
- Muab qhov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum nyob ib sab ntawm tus du endoplasmic reticulum (tsis nyob ze ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes).
- Muab lwm cov organelles tso rau ntawm thaj chaw seem. Tsis txhob muab txhua yam tso rau hauv ib qho. Ntxiv mus, qee yam organelles hauv cov tsiaj ib txwm lossis cov cell cog ib txwm pom ntab ncig ntawm cytoplasm. Koj tuaj yeem tso hom organelle no nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab tus qauv tso rau hauv lub tub yees
Cia cov gelatin zaum rau lwm teev lossis ob teev kom txog thaum nws tau tawv tag.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim lub rooj lossis ntawv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus uas piav qhia txhua ntu ntawm tes
Tom qab koj tau ntxiv cov organelles, sau cov npe piav qhia cov khoom siv ntawm tes tshwj xeeb cov khoom tshwj xeeb sawv cev hauv tus qauv (piv txwv li "Gelatin = Cytoplasm," "Sweetroot = Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum"). Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia ntxiv txog cov ntu ntawm lub cell tom qab.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Siv Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav cov khoom xyaw
Nov yog cov khoom xyaw uas koj tuaj yeem siv:
- Koj tuaj yeem siv styrofoam ua lub cev ntawm tes. Cov khw muag khoom uas muag cov khoom siv tes ua lossis cov khoom cuam tshuam txog kev kos duab feem ntau yuav ntim cov pob Styrofoam (yog tias koj txiav txim siab ua tus qauv ntawm cov tsiaj tsiaj) uas yog hais txog qhov loj me ntawm pob tawb lossis Styrofoam lub voos xwmfab (rau cov qauv cog ntoo).
- Cardboard tuaj yeem siv los tsim qee yam organelles, xws li Golgi lub cev lossis ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum.
- Ib lub straw lossis lub raj me tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov organelle zoo li lub raj. Microtubules tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev haus cov quav, thaum muaj cov yub yooj yim dua los yog cov raj tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov leeg ntshav rov qab zoo.
- Siv cov hlaws ntawm ntau yam duab thiab qhov loj ib yam li lwm cov organelles, xws li mitochondria lossis chloroplasts. Ua qhov sib piv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlaws dai thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv ua lwm yam organelles thiab txiav txim siab tus lej hauv tus qauv siv qhov piv txwv no.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv av nplaum los tsim qee yam organelles uas nyuaj rau nrhiav cov qauv ntawm.
- Xim tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav sab hauv ntawm tes thiab sib txawv ntawm cytoplasm los ntawm sab nraud ntawm tes. Koj tuaj yeem pleev xim av nrog pleev xim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav ntawm styrofoam
Ntsuas qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm cov styrofoam thiab muab tus lej nyob nruab nrab ntawm txhua sab. Txuas cov dots rov qab sib luag los ntawm kev kos kab los ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd siv X-Acto riam lossis lwm yam cuab yeej txiav los txiav cov styrofoam.
- Txhawm rau tsim cov qauv cog ntoo, kos kab kab nruab nrab rau txhua ntawm ob sab sib txawv ntawm Styrofoam thiab txuas ntxiv txhua kab hauv qab ntawm Styrofoam kom txog thaum nws rov mus rau nws qhov pib.
- Txhawm rau ua tus qauv ntawm tes tsiaj, kos kab ntawm cov styrofoam zoo li koj yuav kos tus kab zauv thiab meridians ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xim tus qauv
Pleev xim rau ntawm qhov txiav los yog txiav ntu (tsuas yog cov noob cog) kom pom qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej ntawm tes. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pleev xim sab nrauv ib qho xim sib txawv kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cytoplasm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua ntu ntu hauv xovtooj ntawm tes
Siv cov khoom xyaw uas tau hais los saum no los ua nws.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tus qauv no yog tsim cov organelles los ntawm av nplaum. Ua tus qauv kom yooj yim li sai tau, tab sis tseem tswj hwm qhov qub ntawm cov organelle. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog ua kom yooj yim-ua-ua qauv ntawm organelle nrog av nplaum thiab tawm ntawm cov organelles nyuaj dua-hais tias du endoplasmic reticulum du-kom rov ua dua tom qab siv lub raj lossis lwm yam khoom
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxiv ntu hauv cov cell rau tus qauv
Kua nplaum nws rau cov styrofoam siv cov kua nplaum kub, kua nplaum zoo ib yam, txhuam txhuam hniav, txhuam, cov ntaub qhwv, lossis lwm yam cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem. Qee qhov xwm txheej koj tseem yuav tsum tau xaum qhov hauv cov khoom siv hauv paus kom tso cai rau cov organelles sawv hauv qhov chaw yam tsis muaj kev pab.
Koj tuaj yeem hloov Golgi lub cev thiab ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum tawm ntawm daim duab los ntawm txhais tes. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, ua qhov me me hauv ob peb ntu ntawm styrofoam los ntawm kev hlais lawv thiab tom qab ntawd ntxig cov ntawv los xij uas tau txiav ua tej daim kom lawv zoo li cov organelles quav
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim lub rooj thiab ntawv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus uas piav qhia txhua ntu hauv xovtooj ntawm tes
Tom qab cov ntu hauv xovtooj ntawm tes tau ntxiv rau cov qauv, tsim cov npe uas piav qhia txog cov khoom siv ntawm lub cev twg yog sawv cev los ntawm ib yam khoom hauv tus qauv. Koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia ntxiv txog qhov no thaum koj nthuav koj tus qauv tom qab.
Lub tswv yim
- Cov qauv tuaj yeem ua tiav sai dua nrog kev pab ntawm cov phooj ywg lossis niam txiv.
- Nco ntsoov tias cov gelatin tau muaj sijhawm txaus los ua kom tawv nqaij tom qab ntxiv "organelles". Sim khaws cov qauv hauv lub tub yees thaum hmo ntuj.
- Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv thaum tshem tus qauv ntawm lub tub yees.
- Koj yuav xav tau txheej txheej styrofoam nrog papier mâché (tseem hu ua papier-mâché, uas yog kab ntawv los yog ntawv xov xwm uas tau lo rau ntawm ib yam khoom uas siv cov kua nplaum lossis kab xev los npog saum npoo) rau qhov laj thawj kev nyab xeeb. Ntxiv ob peb txheej ntxiv kom txog thaum nws zoo li txaus.
