Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau, cov txheej txheem khaws cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau siv yog faib cov lus nug, uas yog cov npe ntawm cov lus nug tshawb fawb uas yuav tsum tau teb los ntawm cov neeg teb. Txawm hais tias nws zoo li yooj yim, ua tau tsim cov lus nug tau zoo yog qhov nyuaj heev; Ib qho ntxiv, nws siv sijhawm ntev thiab txheej txheem los faib cov lus nug rau cov neeg teb. Koj puas yuav tsum tsim cov lus nug los txhawb txoj kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv sau txheej txheem? Nyeem rau kom paub ntau ntxiv ntawm kab lus no txhawm rau tshawb pom cov lus nug tsim tau zoo thiab faib cov tswv yim.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Tsim Cov Lus Nug
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv nug
Cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv twg koj xav khaws los ntawm daim ntawv nug? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb yog dab tsi? Cov lus nug puas yog txheej txheem khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo rau koj hom kev tshawb fawb?
- Txhais cov lus nug tshawb fawb. Cov lus nug tshawb fawb yog ib lossis ntau cov lus nug uas yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm koj daim ntawv nug.
- Tsim ib lossis ntau qhov kev xav uas koj xav sim. Cov lus nug hauv koj daim ntawv nug yuav tsum raug qhia raws li txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov kev siv tau ntawm qhov kev xav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv hom lus nug
Muaj ntau hom lus nug uas nquag siv hauv kev tshawb fawb cov lus nug; txhua hom nws muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv koj xav khaws. Ntau hom lus nug feem ntau siv hauv cov lus nug:
- Dichotomous cov lus nug: cov lus nug dichotomous tsuas tuaj yeem teb nrog "yog" lossis "tsis yog"; qee zaum, kuj tseem muaj cov lus nug uas muab "pom zoo" lossis "tsis pom zoo" cov lus teb. Hom lus nug no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los tshuaj xyuas, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas kom raug.
- Cov lus nug qhib-xaus: cov lus nug qhib-kawg tso cai rau tus neeg teb kom ntxaws txog cov lus teb. Feem ntau, hom lus nug no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nkag siab tus neeg teb lo lus pom, tab sis nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas. Hom lus nug no yuav tsum raug siv los teb “vim li cas” cov lus nug.
- Kev xaiv ntau cov lus nug: hom lus nug no tau nruab nrog peb lossis ntau qhov kev xaiv cov lus teb tsis sib xws; Cov neeg teb tau nug kom xaiv ib lossis ntau lo lus teb uas lawv xav tias tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Kev xaiv ntau cov lus nug tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas tau yooj yim, tab sis yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov lus teb uas cov neeg teb xav tau feem ntau.
- Cov lus nug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov ntsuas / ntsuas ntsuas: Hom lus nug no nug tus neeg teb xov tooj kom xaiv cov lus teb xaiv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg teb yuav raug nug tsib qib kev xaiv los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Hom lus nug no ncaj qha yuam tus neeg teb rau kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov kev xaiv muaj, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov laj thawj tom qab tus neeg raug xaiv xaiv.
- Cov lus nug teev cov qib: hom lus nug no tso cai rau cov neeg teb ntawv ntsuas qhov teeb meem raws li qhov ntsuas ntsuas muaj. Koj tuaj yeem muab ntsuas ntsuas hauv daim ntawv 1-5; Tus lej 1 sawv cev rau lo lus teb "tsis pom zoo", thaum tus lej 5 sawv cev rau lo lus teb "pom zoo heev". Hom lus nug no hloov pauv tau yooj yim, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem teb lo lus "vim li cas".
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim koj cov lus nug
Cov lus nug hauv daim ntawv nug yuav tsum meej, meej, thiab ncaj. Cov lus nug luv luv tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov lus teb raug dua los ntawm cov neeg teb.
- Sau cov lus nug luv thiab yooj yim. Tsis txhob ua cov lus nug uas nyuaj dhau los lossis tag nrho ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev paub; nws ntshai tsam cov lus nug yuav ua rau cov neeg teb tsis meej thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm muab cov lus teb raug.
- Nug ib nqe lus nug hauv ib kab lus nug. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv tus neeg teb los ntawm kev tsis meej pem lossis kev nkag siab yuam kev.
-
Ceev faj ntawm cov lus nug uas yog tus kheej lossis nkag siab, xws li cov lus nug txog tus neeg raug foob lub hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav, lossis keeb kwm kev sib deev.
Yog tias koj raug yuam kom nug cov lus nug, yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pej xeem koj sau yuav tsum tsis qhia npe lossis encrypted
- Txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav tau txais cov lus teb xws li "Kuv tsis paub" lossis "Lo lus nug no tsis haum kuv/tsis siv rau kuv". Thaum nws muab sijhawm rau cov neeg teb tsis teb cov lus nug uas lawv tsis xav teb, hom kev xaiv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas tom qab.
- Muab lo lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum pib ntawm daim ntawv nug. Sij hawm dhau los, tus neeg teb tuaj mloog thiab tsom mus tau yooj yim cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau khaws koj nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb thiab xav tau, siv txoj hauv kev no.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txwv qhov ntev ntawm daim ntawv nug
Khaws koj cov lus nug kom luv thiab luv li sai tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li tib neeg zoo li yooj yim dua sau cov lus nug luv. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias koj daim ntawv nug tseem muaj txhij txhua thiab pab koj tau txais txhua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas koj xav tau. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv nug uas tsuas yog muaj 5 nqe lus nug, vim li cas ho tsis?
- Nug cov lus nug uas cuam tshuam tiag tiag rau koj cov lus nug tshawb fawb. Nco ntsoov, cov lus nug tsis yog npaj los khaws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg teb!
- Tsis txhob hais lus tsis meej lossis lo lus nug; xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tsis yuam kev tus neeg teb!
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas cov pej xeem ntawm cov neeg teb
Puas muaj pab pawg tshwj xeeb uas koj cov neeg teb yog tsom? Txhawm rau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tsom mus ntxiv, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo ua ntej txiav txim siab cov pej xeem ntawm cov neeg teb lub hom phiaj ua ntej faib cov lus nug.
- Xav txog poj niam txiv neej ntawm koj lub hom phiaj teb. Puas yog daim ntawv nug tau npaj rau txiv neej thiab poj niam? Puas yog koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tsuas xav kom txiv neej teb?
-
Txiav txim siab lub hnub nyoog phiaj xwm ntawm koj cov neeg teb. Koj puas tsuas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg laus? Puas yog los ntawm cov hluas thiab menyuam? Feem ntau ntawm cov lus nug hom phiaj teb nrog cov hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb uas tau txiav txim siab ntau dua rau cov ncauj lus tshawb fawb.
Txiav txim siab suav nrog cov hnub nyoog hauv cov pej xeem ntawm koj cov neeg teb. Piv txwv li, cov neeg hnub nyoog 18-29 tau muab tso ua pawg ntawm cov neeg hluas; tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg hnub nyoog 30-54 xyoo tau koom ua pawg neeg laus; thiab cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 55 xyoos tau koom ua pawg neeg laus. Tsis ntseeg, koj yuav tau txais ntau tus neeg teb yog tias koj tsis teev lub hom phiaj hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb
- Xav txog lwm yam txheej txheem uas koj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov pej xeem ntawm koj cov neeg teb. Puas yog koj tus neeg raug foob yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb? Lawv puas yuav tsum muaj ntawv pov hwm kev noj qab haus huv? Lawv puas yuav tsum muaj menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos? Ua kom koj txhais cov txheej txheem kom meej meej li sai tau ua ntej faib cov lus nug.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov lus teb tsis pub lwm tus paub
Txhais tus neeg raug foob cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej koj txawm tsim daim ntawv nug; Qhov no yog ib qib tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob plam.
- Xav txog kev tsim cov lus nug tsis qhia npe; hauv lwm lo lus, tsis tas yuav nug cov neeg teb los sau lawv cov npe hauv daim ntawv nug. Nov yog cov kauj ruam yooj yim los tiv thaiv lawv qhov kev zais, txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv tus kheej tseem yuav pom los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv (xws li hnub nyoog, lub cev tshwj xeeb, lossis tus lej xa ntawv).
- Xav txog muab txhua tus ntawm koj cov neeg teb rau tus kheej tshiab. Muab tus kheej rau hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lej rau txhua daim ntawv nug uas tau teb los ntawm tus neeg teb), thiab xa koj tus neeg teb nrog tsuas yog tus cim tshiab. Luag lossis rhuav lwm tus neeg tus kheej sau los ntawm tus neeg teb.
- Nco ntsoov, nws tsis siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau dhau los txheeb xyuas tus neeg tus kheej. Feem ntau, tib neeg tsis kam los ua cov neeg tshawb fawb teb vim li no; yog ua tau, xyuas kom koj tsis txhob nug cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kheej ntau dhau thiaj li yuav ncav cuag cov neeg teb.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tshem tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv (tshwj xeeb yog cov lus teb cov lus teb) tom qab koj tshawb fawb tiav.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Tsim Cov Lus Nug
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia koj tus kheej
Qhia koj lub npe thiab keeb kwm yav dhau; Kuj piav qhia seb koj puas ua haujlwm ib leeg lossis hauv pab pawg. Yog tias daim ntawv nug tau muab faib rau kev kawm lossis lub luag haujlwm, tseem hais lub npe ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis tuam txhab uas saib xyuas koj. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv koj tuaj yeem ua raws:
- Qhia, kuv lub npe yog Jack Smith thiab kuv yog tus sau daim ntawv nug no. Tam sim no kuv ua haujlwm ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Psychology, University of Michigan. Kuv tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no rau kev txaus siab rau kev kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cuam tshuam thiab tsom mus rau kev txhim kho menyuam yaus kev txawj ntse.
- Qhia paub, kuv lub npe yog Kelly Smith, yog tub ntxhais kawm xyoo peb hauv Tsev Kawm Qib Siab New Mexico Kev Kawm Qib Siab. Kuv tau ua daim ntawv nug no txhawm rau sau cov ntaub ntawv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm Kev Txheeb Xyuas zaum kawg ntawm kev xeem hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
- Qhia, kuv lub npe yog Steve Johnson. Tam sim no, Kuv ua haujlwm ua Tus Kws Muag Khoom thiab Kev Lag Luam ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Zoo Tshaj. Kuv tsim daim ntawv nug no los tshuaj xyuas tus cwj pwm siv yeeb tshuaj hauv Canada ob peb xyoos dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm koj daim ntawv nug
Feem ntau, cov neeg teb yuav tsis xav teb daim ntawv nug yog tias lawv tsis nkag siab txog nws lub hom phiaj. Tsis tas yuav piav qhia ntev; yooj yim piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus nug hauv kab lus luv thiab luv. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- Tam sim no kuv tab tom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog hais txog kev tswj phom. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg hauv daim ntawv nug no yuav raug siv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm chav kawm Anthropology ntawm University of Maryland.
- Cov lus nug no muaj 15 nqe lus nug txog koj kev noj zaub mov thiab kev tawm dag zog. Tam sim no peb tab tom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib txheeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev tawm dag zog thiab txheeb cais mob qog noj ntshav rau cov neeg laus.
- Cov lus nug no muaj ntau cov lus nug hais txog koj kev paub dhau los ntawm kev ya dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb ob peb xyoos dhau los. Hauv daim ntawv nug no, koj yuav pom peb pawg lus nug; Thawj pab pawg ntawm cov lus nug nug koj kom suav koj li kev mus ncig tsis ntev los no, lo lus nug thib ob nug koj kom qhia koj qhov kev xav ntawm txhua qhov kev mus, thiab lo lus nug thib peb nug koj kom qhia koj li kev npaj rau kev mus tom ntej. Tam sim no peb tab tom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tib neeg xav li cas thaum lawv taug kev los ntawm huab cua ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm kev mus tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab thiab piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv
Puas yog cov ntaub ntawv siv rau chav haujlwm lossis tshawb fawb cov ntawv tshaj tawm? Puas yog cov ntaub ntawv siv los tshawb fawb kev lag luam? Muaj ntau yam uas koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua ntej faib cov lus nug uas yuav nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg.
- Yog tias daim ntawv nug tau siv rau kev tshaj tawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, nco ntsoov tias koj thov kev tso cai los ntawm pawg saib xyuas (tseem hu ua Institutional Review Board (IRB) ua ntej pib txheej txheem nug cov lus nug. Cov tsev kawm qib siab feem ntau muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm IRB raug xaiv los tshuaj xyuas qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
- Ua ntej tshaj qhov qhib. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg teb kom paub cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim tom qab tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, xa daim ntawv pom zoo. Nco ntsoov, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm cov neeg teb, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsawg kawg ua qhov zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv lawv cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntsuas lub sijhawm ua daim ntawv nug
Ua ntej tus neeg teb pib teb daim ntawv nug, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los qhia lub sijhawm kwv yees ua ntej. Muab cov ntaub ntawv no rau tus neeg teb xov tooj ua rau koj muaj feem yuav tau txais daim ntawv nug ua tiav tom qab.
- Sim ua daim ntawv nug tus kheej thiab ntsuas lub sijhawm. Qee tus neeg yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua lossis sijhawm tsawg dua koj.
- Hloov chaw ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, muab kwv yees kwv yees lub sijhawm tus neeg teb yuav xav tau. Piv txwv, qhia cov neeg teb tias lawv muaj 15-30 feeb los teb daim ntawv nug. Yog koj nug lawv kom ua tiav daim ntawv nug hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li 15 feeb), nws zoo li qee tus neeg teb yuav tsis teb cov lus nug kom tiav.
- Ntau li ntau tau, ua cov lus nug luv, luv, thiab meej! Nws yuav zoo dua yog tias koj tsuas yog siv 20 feeb hloov 3 teev ntawm lub sijhawm teb, txoj cai?
Kauj Ruam 5. Piav qhia qhov kev txhawb siab uas tus neeg teb yuav tau txais
Kev txhawb siab yog "ua tsaug" uas cov neeg teb yuav tau txais tom qab ua tiav daim ntawv nug. Daim ntawv tsis tas yuav yog nyiaj; Koj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov khoom plig tshwj xeeb thiab ntxim nyiam, ntawv pov thawj khoom plig, khoom qab zib, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, nkag siab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev muab kev txhawb siab ua ntej.
- Kev txhawb siab pheej hmoo nyiam cov neeg teb yuam kev. Qee tus neeg zoo li yuav teb cov lus nug yam tsis txaus ntseeg kom ua tiav sai thiab tau txais kev txhawb siab uas koj muab. Nov yog ib qho ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev txhawb siab uas koj yuav tsum xav txog.
- Kev txhawb siab tuaj yeem txhawb cov tib neeg uas yav dhau los tsis kam sau koj daim ntawv nug kom koom nrog. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, kev txhawb siab tuaj yeem pab koj ua tau raws li cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg teb.
- Xav txog lub tswv yim siv los ntawm SurveyMonkey. Hloov chaw ntawm kev them nyiaj rau cov neeg teb los teb cov lus nug, SurveyMonkey muab cov nyiaj pub dawb pub dawb ntawm 50 xees rau xaiv cov haujlwm hauv zej zog ntawm cov neeg teb uas txaus siab ua daim ntawv nug. Raws li lawv, lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tuaj yeem koom nrog ntawm cov neeg teb uas tsuas xav txog lawv tus kheej nyiam.
- Muab lub sijhawm los kos cov khoom plig rau cov neeg teb uas txaus siab ua kom tiav daim ntawv nug. Koj tuaj yeem muab khoom plig xws li daim coupon luv nqi ntawm cov khw noj mov nto moo, iPod kawg, lossis daim pib mus rau xinesmas. Ua li no, cov neeg teb paub tias lawv muaj lub sijhawm tau txais khoom plig, tab sis lub sijhawm tsis yog qhov tseeb.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj daim ntawv nug zoo li tus kws tshaj lij
Khwv tau cov neeg teb lus ntseeg nrog kev tshaj lij ntawm cov lus nug.
- Ib txwm tshuaj xyuas thiab kho cov ntawv sau, qauv sau ntawv, thiab cov cim yuam kev hauv koj daim ntawv nug.
- Muab lub npe rau daim ntawv nug. Lub npe pab ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg teb nkag siab lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv nug.
- Ua tsaug tus neeg teb qhov lus nug kawg. Ua tsaug rau cov neeg teb rau lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab uas lawv muab tso rau hauv kev teb cov lus nug.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Tshaj Tawm Cov Lus Nug
Kauj Ruam 1. Kuaj koj daim ntawv nug
Nug koj cov phooj ywg ze tshaj lossis cov txheeb ze kom teb daim ntawv nug (tsis suav cov txiaj ntsig!), Thiab kho dua yog tias tsim nyog. Txhawm rau sim daim ntawv nug, nug tsawg kawg 5-10 ntawm koj cov phooj ywg thiab/lossis cov txheeb ze kom tau txais kev pab. Tom qab lawv ua tiav daim ntawv nug, nug cov lus nug hauv qab no kom tau txais cov lus tawm tswv yim uas koj xav tau:
- Cov lus nug no puas nkag siab? Puas muaj lus nug tsis meej pem?
- Puas yog daim ntawv nug no nkag tau yooj yim? (Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj faib cov lus nug online).
- Cov lus nug no puas tsim nyog ua?
- Koj puas kam teb cov lus nug hauv daim ntawv nug?
- Koj tuaj yeem muab tswv yim dab tsi los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv nug no?
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov lus nug xa tawm
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los faib cov lus nug. Qee txoj hauv kev feem ntau siv los faib cov lus nug:
- Muab cov lus nug los ntawm lub vev xaib online, xws li SurveyMonkey.com. SurveyMonkey yog lub xaib uas muab cov kev pabcuam tshawb fawb tsim sai thiab yooj yim. Ntxiv rau qhov muab qhov yooj yim rau nws cov neeg siv, SurveyMonkey tseem tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov yam ntxwv los yuav cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv.
- Faib cov lus nug los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Yog tias koj siv txoj hauv kev no, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tseem suav nrog lub hnab ntawv nrog qhov chaw nyob xa rov qab rau nws kom tus neeg teb tuaj yeem xa cov lus nug ua tiav tau yooj yim. Kuj xyuas kom tseeb tias koj daim ntawv nug daim ntawv tuaj yeem muab tais thiab muab tso rau hauv lub hnab ntawv ua lag luam tus qauv.
- Nug cov lus nug los ntawm kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo los siv kom ntseeg tau tias koj mus txog koj lub hom phiaj uas tau teev tseg. Ib qho ntxiv, txoj hauv kev no kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav thiab cov lus teb rau koj; feem ntau vim tias tus neeg teb yuav tsis tuaj yeem zam lossis tsis quav ntsej cov lus nug ncaj qha.
- Nug cov lus nug hauv xov tooj. Txoj kev no ua tau zoo heev; Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus neeg tsis kam teb cov lus nug ntsig txog xov tooj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hnub kawg rau xa daim ntawv nug
Nug cov neeg teb kom ua tiav thiab xa cov lus nug los ntawm lub sijhawm kawg kom koj muaj sijhawm txaus los tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
- Teem sijhawm kom tsim nyog. Feem ntau, 2 lub lis piam yog lub sijhawm txaus los teb daim ntawv nug. Yog tias nws ntev dua 2 lub lis piam, yuav muaj feem uas lawv yuav hnov qab thiab tsis quav ntsej koj cov lus nug.
- Muab lus ceeb toom rau tus neeg teb. Ib lub lim tiam ua ntej hnub kawg rov qab yog lub sijhawm zoo los ceeb toom cov neeg teb. Tsis tas li muab cov lus nug thaub qab yog tias cov lus nug hauv tus neeg teb tes txhais tes poob lossis ntsiag to.
