Cov hlau nplaum feem ntau pom muaj hauv cov cav, lub zog, lub tub yees, daim debit thiab daim npav rho nyiaj, nrog rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob xws li khaws cov guitar hluav taws xob, hais lus tso suab, thiab khoos phis tawj nyuaj. Cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ruaj khov, tsim ib txwm muaj, lossis hluav taws xob. Ib qho hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob sib nqus thaum hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov xov hlau uas qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov hlau hlau. Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm lub zog sib nqus thiab ntau txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm thaj chaw, thiab ob qho no tau tham hauv kab lus no.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Kev Txiav Txim Siab Yam cuam tshuam rau Kev Ua Tau Zoo Sib Nqus
Kauj Ruam 1. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum tau piav qhia siv cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Lub zog ntawm kev sib nqus sib nqus, sau ua Hc. Lub cim no qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm demagnetization (poob ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus) los ntawm lwm qhov chaw sib nqus. Cov lej ntau dua, cov hlau nplaum nyuab dua yog tshem tawm.
- Cov seem sib nqus sib nqus ntom ntom, sau luv li Br. Qhov no yog qhov sib nqus siab tshaj plaws cov hlau nplaum uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau.
- Coj mus rau lub sib nqus flux ceev yog cov tag nrho zog ceev, abbreviated li Bmax. Cov lej siab dua, cov hlau nplaum muaj zog dua.
- Qhov kub coefficient ntawm qhov sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus nrawm, sau ua Tcoef Br thiab qhia raws li feem pua ntawm degrees Celsius, piav qhia yuav ua li cas cov hluav taws xob sib nqus txo qis raws li qhov sib nqus kub nce. Tcoef Br ntawm 0.1 txhais tau tias yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov hlau nplaum nce ntxiv 100 degrees Celsius, qhov sib nqus sib nqus txo qis 10 feem pua.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub (sau ua Tmax) yog qhov kub tshaj plaws uas cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis poob nws lub zog. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov hlau nplaum poob qis dua Tmax, cov hlau nplaum rov qab nws lub zog sib nqus tag nrho. Yog tias ua kom sov dhau Tmax, cov hlau nplaum yuav plam qee qhov ntawm nws qhov chaw mus tas li thaum txias mus rau qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ua kom sov rau Curie kub (sau ua Tcurie) cov hlau nplaum yuav poob nws lub zog sib nqus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov
Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Neodymium hlau boron. Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus (12,800 gauss), lub zog sib nqus sib nqus muaj zog (12,300 oersted), thiab tag nrho lub zog ceev (40). Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws qis tshaj ntawm 150 degrees Celsius thiab 310 degrees Celsius feem, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -0.12.
- Samarium cobalt muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thib ob ntawm lub zog, ntawm 9,200 oersted, tab sis qhov sib nqus ntom ntom ntawm 10,500 gauss thiab tag nrho lub zog ntom ntom ntawm 26. Nws qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ntau dua li ntawm neodymium hlau boron ntawm 300 degrees Celsius vim nws Curie kub ntawm 750 degrees Celsius. Nws qhov kub coefficient yog 0.04.
- Alnico yog txhuas-npib tsib xee-cobalt alloy. Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus ze rau neodymium hlau boron (12,500 gauss), tab sis kev sib zog ua kom muaj zog ntawm 640 oersted thiab tag nrho lub zog ntom ntom tsuas yog 5.5. Celsius, ntxiv rau Curie kub siab dua ntawm 860 degrees Celsius, thiab kub coefficient ntawm 0.02.
- Cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau nplaum ferrite muaj qis dua qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom thiab tag nrho lub zog ntom dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm 3,900 gauss thiab 3.5. Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ib yam li samarium cobalt, tab sis qis dua Curie kub ntawm 460 degrees Celsius, thiab kub coefficient ntawm -0. 2. Yog li, cov hlau nplaum poob lawv qhov chaw sib nqus tau nrawm dua hauv qhov kub dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tig hauv kauj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Qhov ntau dua ib tus tub ntxhais ntev, qhov muaj zog ntau dua ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua lag luam muaj qhov hloov pauv tau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv sib nqus tau piav qhia saum toj no thiab cov kauj loj nyob ib puag ncig nws. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab hluav taws xob yooj yim tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev xaim hlau nyob ib puag ncig tus ntsia hlau thiab txuas qhov kawg rau lub roj teeb 1.5-volt.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb tus nqi tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Peb pom zoo kom koj siv lub multimeter. Qhov ntau dua tam sim no, lub zog sib nqus tau tsim.
Ampere ib lub 'meter' (A/m) yog lwm chav siv los ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Chav tsev no qhia tias yog tam sim no, tus lej ntawm cov coils, lossis ob qho tib si tau nce ntxiv, lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum kuj nce ntxiv
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Xeem Ntau Yam ntawm Cov Chaw Sib Nqus nrog Daim Ntawv Xov Xwm
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua tus tuav rau lub bar hlau nplaum
Koj tuaj yeem ua tus tuav hlau nplaum yooj yim siv cov khaub ncaws thiab lub khob styrofoam. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los qhia kev sib nqus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib.
- Kaw ib qho kawg ntawm kab khaub ncaws mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub khob.
- Rov qab lub khob nrog cov khaub ncaws khaub ncaws ntawm nws thiab tso nws rau ntawm lub rooj.
- Clamp cov hlau nplaum rau cov khaub ncaws khaub ncaws.
Kauj Ruam 2. Khoov daim ntawv khij rau hauv tus pas nrig
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog rub sab ntug ntawm daim ntawv lo. Tus nuv no yuav dai ntau daim ntawv ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txuas ntxiv cov ntawv txiav los ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum
Txuas ib daim ntawv khoov rau ib qho ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum. nuv ib sab yuav tsum dai dawb. Dai daim ntawv khij ntawm tus nuv. Mus txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv thim qhov nqes.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv txiav uas ua rau tus nqes poob
Thaum tus nqes poob hauv qhov hnyav nws tab tom nqa, nco tseg tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntawv dai ntawm tus nuv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua raws daim kab xev rau daim hlau nplaum
Txuas 3 daim kab xev me me ntawm daim kab xev npog rau lub bar hlau nplaum thiab dai cov nqes rov qab.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv daim ntawv tso rau ntawm tus nuv kom txog thaum nws ntog tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum
Rov ua dua cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawv yav dhau los los ntawm thawj daim ntawv kaw daim kab xev, txog thaum nws thaum kawg ntog tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Kauj Ruam 7. Sau seb muaj pes tsawg daim clip nws yuav siv los tso tus nuv
Nco ntsoov tias koj sau cov naj npawb ntawm daim kab xev daim kab xev thiab daim ntawv nplaum uas siv.
Kauj Ruam 8. Rov ua cov kauj ruam dhau los ntau zaus nrog daim kab xev ntau dua
Txhua lub sijhawm, sau cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv uas xav tau kom ntog tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Koj yuav tsum pom tias txhua lub sijhawm ntxiv cov kab xev, yuav tsum muaj qhov clip tsawg los tso tus nuv.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Xeem Chaw Sib Nqus nrog Gaussmeter
Kauj Ruam 1. Xam lub hauv paus lossis pib qhov hluav taws xob/qhov hluav taws xob
Koj tuaj yeem siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, tseem hu ua lub ntsuas hluav taws xob lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob (EMF) lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, uas yog lub cuab yeej nqa tau uas ntsuas lub zog thiab kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus. Cov cuab yeej no feem ntau yooj yim mus yuav thiab siv. Txoj kev gaussmeter yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev qhia sib nqus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab. Nov yog yuav siv nws li cas:
- Teeb qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 10 volts DC (ncaj qha tam sim no).
- Nyeem qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsuas cua kom deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Nov yog lub hauv paus lossis qhov pib hluav taws xob, sawv cev ua V0.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kov lub ntsuas qhov ntsuas mus rau ib qho ntawm tus ncej hlau nplaum
Hauv qee qhov gaussmeters, lub ntsuas no, hu ua Hall sensor, tau tsim los ua ke cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nti kom koj tuaj yeem kov lub hlau nplaum sib nqus rau lub ntsuas.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau qhov hluav taws xob tshiab
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob sawv cev los ntawm V1 yuav nce lossis nqis, nyob ntawm qhov sib nqus bar uas kov lub Hall sensor. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob nce, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kov sab qab teb pom cov hlau nplaum sib nqus. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob poob qis, nws txhais tau tias lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tau kov rau sab qaum teb nrhiav tus ncej hlau nplaum.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nrhiav qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov hluav taws xob tshiab
Yog tias lub ntsuas ntsuas tau ntsuas hauv millivolts, faib los ntawm 1,000 kom hloov millivolts rau volts.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sib faib cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo
Piv txwv li, yog tias lub ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj qhov rhiab heev ntawm 5 millivolts ib gauss, faib los ntawm 10. Tus nqi tau txais yog lub zog ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus hauv gauss.
Kauj Ruam 6. Rov ua dua qhov kev ntsuas lub zog sib nqus ntawm qhov sib txawv
Tso cov ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus ncej hlau nplaum thiab sau cov txiaj ntsig.
