Kev pleev xim yog qhov nruab nrab uas ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem nthuav qhia lawv txoj kev xav thiab kev xav. Koj tsis xav tau kev paub dhau los, thiab yog tias koj tau kawm chav kawm kos duab, txawm tias nws tsuas yog "pleev xim ntiv tes" hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem qis, tom qab ntawd koj twb paub pleev xim. Hone koj cov txuj ci los ntawm kev pib Kauj Ruam 1 hauv qab no lossis nrhiav kev pab ntxiv los ntawm kev saib cov ntu uas teev tseg saum toj no.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 5: Xaiv Qhov Nruab Nrab
Kauj Ruam 1. Xav txog koj lub hom phiaj
Yam kev tha xim lossis kos duab twg koj xav tsim? Koj puas xav tau sijhawm ntau los ua haujlwm ntawm ib qhov haujlwm, lossis koj puas xav ua kom tiav ntau ntu hauv ib qho chaw? Koj puas muaj thaj chaw ua haujlwm loj, muaj cua nkag tau zoo, lossis thaj chaw me me uas yuav ua rau cov pa tawm mus? Koj xav tau nyiaj ntau npaum li cas rau cov cuab yeej siv? Nov yog qee yam uas koj yuav tsum xav txog ua ntej yuav ua hom xim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sim cov xim dej (xim dej)
Cov xim dej muaj nyob hauv ntau lub thawv xim lossis cov kav dej. Thaum siv tsis muaj dej, qhov tshwm sim yog tuab thiab tsis pom kev, thiab tsis tuaj yeem pleev xim rau thaj chaw loj. Thaum siv ua ke nrog dej, cov xim no yuav ua rau nyias thiab pob tshab dua. Cov xim dej tau siv ntawm qee cov ntawv ua rau cov xim dej; ib daim ntawv qub yuav tsis ua kom pleev xim zoo. Cov xim no tsis tsim cov xim tawv, tab sis tsim cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm lub teeb, txheej txheej xim.
- Cov txheej xim dej feem ntau tuaj yeem yuav pib ntawm $ 20 (Rp. 200,000) thiab tuaj yeem mus txog ntau dua $ 100 (Rp. 1,000,000). Rau cov xim pib zoo, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los yuav ib qho uas raug nqi $ 50- $ 80 kom pib.
- Vim tias cov xim dej tsuas tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsis ua rau tawv nqaij thiab tawg thaum kov los ntawm dej, muaj kev txwv txwv rau cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem siv ua "canvases dawb paug," tsis zoo li acrylic thiab roj pleev xim.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog kev siv cov xim acrylic
Cov xim pleev xim acrylic yog lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv dej, uas qhuav sai thiab tsis qhuav. Nov yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus neeg uas xav ua kom tiav ib daim duab hauv ib hnub. Cov khaub ncaws hnyav ntawm cov xim tuaj yeem muab sib dhos rau qhov zoo nkauj 3D cov nyhuv, thiab vim tias lawv tau yaj cov dej, lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw lossis ntxhua khaub ncaws. Qhov tsis zoo yog vim tias nws qhuav sai, sib xyaw xim thiab sib xyaw xim ntub tuaj yeem nyuaj.
- Daim ntawv thov txheej txheem thiab pom tag nrho ntawm cov xim acrylic zoo ib yam li cov xim roj.
- Cov xim pleev xim acrylic feem ntau tsis kim dua cov xim roj, thiab tsis xav tau ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nkag siab ntau dua hauv txheej thiab txheej txheem ntau dua li cov xim dej.
- Cov roj pleev xim muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov xim acrylic, vim tias lawv tsis tso pa tawm lossis xav tau cua ntau. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw me lossis muaj tsiaj lossis menyuam yaus nyob ib puag ncig, cov xim pleev xim acrylic yog qhov kev xaiv nyab xeeb dua li cov xim roj.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sim siv cov roj pleev xim
Cov xim no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, cov roj pleev xim qub qhuav thiab yog tuab, thiab tuaj yeem siv nrog ntau yam txuj ci tshwj xeeb. Cov xim no yuav siv sijhawm li 3 lub hlis kom qhuav tag, ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib tus neeg uas xav tau lossis xav tau sijhawm ntev los ua kom tiav cov xim tha xim. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov xim no muaj tshuaj lom thiab xav tau cua ntau thaum siv.
- Cov roj pleev xim yog kim tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov xim, thiab yuav tsum muaj ob peb yam khoom siv ntxiv suav nrog ntxhia dej cawv thiab gel.
- Cov roj pleev xim tsim cov xim ci tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov xim, thiab yuav qhuav nyob ntawm cov xim sib xyaw.
Kauj Ruam 5. Yuav cov xim zoo
Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab hom xim twg koj xav siv, koj yuav tsum xaiv hom twg los siv. Ua tus neeg pleev xim pib, koj yuav xav yuav cov khoom lag luam uas pheej yig tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav txuag sijhawm thiab nyiaj ntau (tom qab) los ntawm kev yuav cov cuab yeej zoo. Cov xim tsim tawm yuav zoo dua nrog cov xim zoo, thiab qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kos ib zaug, nrog rau cov xim pheej yig koj yuav tsum tau khawb 2-3 zaug. Koj yuav xaus siv sijhawm ntau ntawm pheej yig (thiab feem ntau ntxhov siab) cov yeeb nkab xim ntau dua li cov yeeb nkab xim kim dua.
Koj tuaj yeem pom cov xim zoo ntawm lub khw muag xim, khw online, lossis khw muag khoom hauv zos
Ntu 2 ntawm 5: Kawm Kawm Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub txog kev siv kab
Cov kab uas yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv cov kab contour; qhov no yog kab kab kos los ua ib qho khoom. Qee tus neeg pleev xim siv cov kab sib dhos kom nyob ib puag ncig lawv cov ncauj lus, thaum lwm tus siv xim sib tov los qhia cov duab. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav siv cov kab kom pom tseeb (xws li cov kab sib dhos) hauv koj daim duab lossis tsis yog.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm paub tsim cov duab
Txhua yam khoom uas tuaj yeem pleev xim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau daim duab ua ke. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas cov neeg pleev xim rau tshiab ntsib yog sim pom ib qho kev kawm ua ib daim ntawv, tsis txhob siv ntau daim duab. Hloov chaw ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov kab uas ua rau ib daim duab, xav txog ob peb yam sib txawv uas tuaj yeem ua ke.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom paub tus nqi
Qib yog cov xim ntawm koj daim duab thaum hloov pauv mus rau xim dub; lub teeb lossis tsaus qhov xim tshwj xeeb yog li cas. Qib yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum sib xyaw xim xim, vim tias cov xim tuaj yeem dag thaum sib xyaw tshwj tsis yog lub teeb thiab tsaus. Nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov duab yuav tsuas muaj ntau qib hauv qab (feem ntau yog lub suab nrov), nruab nrab (nruab nrab greys/hues), lossis sab saum toj (feem ntau tsaus) ib feem ntawm cov nplai grey.
Tshwj tsis yog muaj qhov sib txawv muaj zog heev, qib hauv koj cov duab yuav tsum zoo ib yam
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv koj qhov chaw kom zoo
Txij li thaum koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm lub tiaj tiaj, koj yuav tsum tsim qhov tsis pom kev deb ntawm kev siv chaw. Kom muaj lub tiaj tiaj, ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam khoom yog qhov loj thiab sib nrug ntawm ib leeg. Txhawm rau tsim qhov tob, txheej ntau yam duab thiab ua kom cov khoom nyob deb dua me dua, qhov khoom nyob ze rau tus neeg soj ntsuam yuav tsum loj dua.
Kauj Ruam 5. Kawm paub tsim cov ntawv
Txhawm rau kom cov khoom pom tshwm hauv koj daim duab, koj yuav tsum tsim qhov tsis pom kev ntawm kev ntxhib los mos. Textures tau tsim los ntawm kev siv txhuam txhuam sib txawv thiab txav cov xim hauv ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm daim ntaub. Luv, txhuam txhuam nrawm yuav tsim cov plaub hau zoo li kev ntxhib los mos, qhov uas ntws txhuam txhuam yuav ua rau cov khoom zoo dua thiab ntev dua. Koj tseem tuaj yeem txheej xim rau ntawm daim ntaub los tsim kev ntxhib los mos.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim kev txav nrog koj cov xim
Kev txav chaw yog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, tab sis ntawm qhov loj dua. Kev txav chaw yog tsim thaum cov qauv kev ntxhib los mos tau rov ua ntau zaus hla daim ntaub. Tsis yog txhua daim duab yuav tsum tau txav mus, tab sis yog tias koj xav tsim qhov tha xim muaj tiag, kev txav mus los yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb heev los ua ke.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua tibzoo saib koj li kev sau ua ke
Cov txheej txheem ntawm koj cov xim tha xim, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thiab cov duab, hu ua kev sib xyaw. Txhawm rau tsim cov lus sib xyaw, cov duab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas tus neeg soj ntsuam lub qhov muag nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho cov duab. Tsis txhob tso ib daim duab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj daim duab, vim qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Tsim cov duab uas ntxim nyiam los ntawm kev tso ib daim duab ntawm txoj kev hla kev, lossis los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom nthuav hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.
Ntu 3 ntawm 5: Tsim Koj Daim Duab
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv yam kawm
Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim koj cov duab tha xim yog txiav txim siab txog yam koj xav ua. Rau feem ntau cov neeg pleev xim pib, nws yooj yim dua los xaiv cov duab (uas twb tau tiaj tus lawm) thiab pleev xim ib daim duab dua li xaiv qhov khoom 3-D. Txhawm rau pib, nrhiav cov duab nrog cov kab yooj yim thiab cov duab, tsis muaj xim ntau dhau, thiab yooj yim los sim koj cov txuj ci pleev xim rau. Cov xim pib pib feem ntau suav nrog:
- Ib lub tais ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo
- Paj lauj kaub
- Ib pawg ntawm cov phau ntawv
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua daim duab kos
Thaum qhov no tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nws pab tus neeg pleev xim ntau hauv kev kos duab ntxhib ntawm lawv daim duab ntawm daim ntaub ua ntej pleev xim rau nws. Siv cov xaum xaum xaum xaum xaum kom kos cov qauv thiab cov duab ntawm koj daim ntaub. Koj yuav pleev xim rau nws, tab sis muaj cov kab ntawv me me yuav pab koj pleev xim rau thaj chaw raug.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo
Cov xim koj sib xyaw thiab txheej txheej ntawm cov xim ntawm koj daim ntaub yuav nyob ntawm ib yam tseem ceeb, koj lub teeb ci. Saib ntawm koj qhov kev kawm, thiab txiav txim siab thaj chaw uas pom thiab tsaus tshaj plaws. Sib tov koj cov xim nrog qhov ntawd hauv siab, tsim ntau yam ntxoov thiab tint ntawm ib qho xim tshwj xeeb kom sib xyaw xim zoo yog xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Pib pleev xim rau tom qab
Thaum tha xim, nws zoo tshaj los ua haujlwm rov qab rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov no yuav pab koj txheej cov khoom kom raug thiab tsim kev nkag siab ntawm qhov deb. Xim ib lub xim ib zaug, txheej xim thaum koj ua haujlwm. Koj lub keeb kwm yav dhau yuav tsum tau pleev xim ua ntej, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom ze dua tom qab.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag mus rau koj qhov kev kawm
Thaum koj zoo siab nrog koj keeb kwm yav dhau, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom thiab cov duab. Ua haujlwm nrog txheej xim, zoo ib yam li koj yuav pleev xim keeb kwm yav dhau. Koj lub ntsiab lus yog qhov chaw saib xyuas rau koj cov duab, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas koj siv koj lub sijhawm tsom mus rau kev koom nrog txhua yam ntawm kev kos duab rau hauv. Txheeb xyuas los ntawm txhua qhov kev xam pom, thiab tsom mus rau tsim cov duab ntau dua li daim duab tag nrho.
- Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem tha xim kom raug, tig koj daim duab thaub qab. Kev pleev xim nws los ntawm lub kaum sab xis sib txawv yuav yuam koj lub qhov muag kom pom cov duab uas ua lub cev kom raug, tsis yog cov cim thiab cov duab uas tsim hauv koj lub siab.
- Pib nrog cov xim uas ci tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd siv cov xim tsaus tshaj plaws. Nws nyuaj rau txheej xim tsaus dua cov xim xim, yog li pib nrog dawb thiab pastels ua ntej pib nrog lwm cov xim thiab ntxoov.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov ntsiab lus
Thaum koj pib ua kom tiav koj daim duab, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus koj xav tau rau keeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov duab. Qhov no suav nrog kev ntxiv kev ntxhib los mos nrog koj txhuam, ntsais muag, lossis cov duab me me ua txheej. Nov yog thaum koj siv koj lub sijhawm thiab tsom mus rau qhov kov kawg.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ntxuav
Tom qab ua tiav cov ncauj lus kawg, koj daim duab tiav lawm! Ua kom yuam kev hauv koj daim duab, kos npe thaum kawg, thiab ntxuav koj cov khoom pleev xim. Thaum nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ntxuav koj cov xim txhuam kom huv kom lawv nyob zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv rau koj cov xim tom ntej. Khaws ib qho xim ntxiv rau hauv ib lub thawv, thiab muab koj cov khoom siv kos duab tso rau hauv lawv qhov chaw.
Ntu 4 ntawm 5: Tau Txais Ntau Yam Duab
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv koj txhuam
Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum xav txog thaum xaiv txhuam: cov duab ntawm cov plaub muag, thiab cov khoom ntawm cov plaub hau. Bristles muaj nyob rau hauv 3 daim duab: puag ncig (nrog lub ntsej muag cylindrical), tiaj tus, thiab filbert (txhuam txhuam nrog lub ntsej muag taw qhia). Plaub tuaj yeem ua los ntawm sable, khoom siv hluavtaws, hluavtaws sib xyaw, hiav txwv urchin lossis squirrel.
- Rau cov xim dej, txhuam zoo tshaj plaws yog sable lossis squirrel txhuam, nrog cov lus qhia sib npaug.
- Cov txhuam zoo tshaj plaws los siv rau cov xim acrylic yog cov khoom sib xyaw lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov lus qhia tiaj.
- Rau cov xim pleev xim, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab hiav txwv urchins nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws.
Kauj Ruam 2. Yuav koj daim ntaub
"Ncab daim ntaub" (daim ntaub npaj tau ua los ntawm daim ntaub uas rub rov qab thiab txuas nrog siv cov hlua/ntsia hlau/hlau) yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias nws pheej yig dua thiab siv peb hom xim tuaj yeem siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, daim duab hnyav, daim ntawv canvas, thiab ntawv xim dej yog qhov kev xaiv zoo ib yam. Cov roj thiab cov xim pleev xim tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw du, suav nrog ntoo thiab yas. Cov xim dej tsuas tuaj yeem siv ntawm daim ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab canvas lossis ntaub.
- Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv luam ntawv yooj yim lossis lwm daim ntawv nyias rau pleev xim, vim cov xim no hnyav heev thiab ntub, ua rau nws ntxeev thiab ntxeev.
- Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntoo lossis yas, koj yuav tsum tau thov tus primer ua ntej tso cai rau cov xim ua raws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Npaj koj lwm yam khoom siv
Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb no, koj yuav xav tau lub pallet, lub raj mis/lub ntim ntim nrog dej (2 yuav txaus), thiab khaub ncaws, lub tsho qub lossis paj ntaub los hnav. Lwm yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb xav tau rau cov xim pleev xim, tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum tau xim dej lossis acrylics. “Gesso” kuj tseem pab tau heev; nws yog lub hauv paus uas tuaj yeem npaj ib qho twg (suav nrog daim ntaub thiab daim ntawv) los tsim cov xim zoo tshaj plaws.
Tsis tas yuav xav tau rau feem ntau cov duab, tab sis ntau qhov xav tau, tus easel uas tuaj yeem siv los txhawb koj cov duab. Txwv tsis pub, ib qho tiaj tiaj, ruaj khov tuaj yeem siv rau tha xim
Ntu 5 ntawm 5: Sib tov Xim
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub txog cov xim log
Lub log xim yog daim ntawv qhia xim, qhia tias yuav tsim cov xim tshiab li cas. Muaj 3 xim txheej: thawj, theem ob thiab theem siab. Cov xim tseem ceeb yog: liab, xiav, thiab daj. Cov no yog cov xim muaj ncaj ncaj los ntawm cov yeeb nkab; Cov xim no tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw lwm cov xim. Txawm li cas los xij, xim thib ob (ntshav, ntsuab, thiab txiv kab ntxwv) tuaj yeem tsim siv xim thawj. Tertiary xim yog nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab ntawm lub log xim (piv txwv li, ntsuab ntsuab lossis txiv duaj).
- Liab + Daj = Txiv kab ntxwv
- Daj + Xiav = Ntsuab
- Liab + Xiav = Ntshav
Kauj Ruam 2. Sib tov koj cov xim
Tsis txhob pleev xim siv xim tsuas yog ncaj qha los ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Sib tov koj cov xim los tsim kev hloov pauv tshiab; Sib tov ob qho xim thawj hauv qhov sib npaug rau cov xim raug, lossis nce tus nqi ntawm ib qho xim dua lwm qhov. Piv txwv li, ua ntshav liab nrog xiav dua liab yuav ua rau cov xim indigo xiav, ntawm qhov tod tes, sib tov ntau liab yuav ua rau cov xim tsaus nti.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim qhov sib txawv "suab xim"
Ntxiv me ntsis dawb rau ib qho xim twg yuav ua rau nws ci ntau dua, tsim kom muaj xim zoo nkauj. Feem ntau lub raj mis xim muaj xim tawv thiab ci, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau xim pastel los ntawm kev ntxiv dawb.
Nws nyuaj rau ntxiv cov xim dawb rau xim, yog li ntxiv qee cov xim rau cov xim dawb ua ntej. Koj tsis tas yuav siv xim ntau los tsim cov xim ntawm txoj kev no
Kauj Ruam 4. Sib tov hauv qee qhov “tsaus nti”
Raws li qhov tsis sib xws rau cov xim tint, cov xim tsaus tau txais thaum koj sib xyaw xim nrog dub. Qhov no ua rau cov xim tsaus dua, piv txwv li, tig liab rau hauv burgundy, lossis xiav mus rau xim xiav. Nws yooj yim dua rau qee cov xim dub rau hauv koj cov xim xim (dua li ntxiv xim xim rau koj cov xim dub) los tsim koj qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Hauv qhov no, tsawg dua yog qhov zoo dua - ib txwm pib nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov xim muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis txhob ua xim sib txawv ntawm thawj zaug.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsim "txheej xim" sib txawv
Yog tias xim yog lub teeb dhau rau koj, sib xyaw cov xim sib txawv kom ploj nws. Ua qhov no yuav tig koj cov xim (puag xim) rau hauv txheej xim; uas txhais tau tias koj ploj xim txheej. Piv txwv li, qhov sib txawv ntawm liab yog ntsuab, daj yog violet, thiab xiav yog txiv kab ntxwv.
Lub tswv yim
- Tsim cov tawv nqaij tsis nyuaj, tab sis yog tias koj tsuas yog sib xyaw txiv kab ntxwv nrog dawb rau lub txiv duaj, nws yuav zoo li tiaj thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Ua tib zoo mloog koj cov tawv nqaij. Cov leeg ntshav pom nws sib nrug. Rau cov tawv nqaij tones, muab me ntsis kov ntawm ntsuab, rau cov tawv nqaij tones, muab me ntsis kov ntawm xiav.
- Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub tswv yim los pleev xim, txhuam koj cov txhuam hauv cov xim sib txawv thiab tom qab ntawd pleev xim rau ntawm koj daim ntaub, koj yuav xav tsis thoob thaum koj tsim dab tsi, tej zaum yuav mob siab rau faus yam koj tsis paub nws.
- Txheeb xyuas qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov duab tha xim, xws li los ntawm Pablo Picasso, Johannes, Vermeer, Vincent Van Gogh, Salvador Dali, Frida Kahlo, Jackson Pollock, Edvard Munch, thiab Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Lawv yuav muab ntau yam xim sib txawv rau koj.
- Sim ua phooj ywg nrog lwm tus neeg pleev xim. Ntawm qee lub tsev kawm kos duab lossis cov zej zog kos duab cov haujlwm, lawv yuav muaj qhib chav sib tham uas tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw los ua qee yam. Tham nrog lwm tus kws kos duab txog lawv cov txheej txheem thiab kev coj ua, saib lwm tus neeg txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem muab tswv yim rau koj tias koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi.
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Saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog kev kos duab, xws li:
- "Tus ntxhais nrog Lub Pob Ntseg Pob Zeb, uas qhia txog Vermer's tus kos duab. Ntau qhov xwm txheej qhia txog kev xav xim thiab txheej txheem xim.
- Frida, ntawm lub neej thiab kos duab ntawm Frida Kahlo, uas muab cov piv txwv zoo ntawm kev pom lub zeem muag thiab kev hais tawm, nrog rau kev pleev xim.
- Mus ntsib lub tsev khaws khoom kos duab ze tshaj plaws. Yog tias tsis muaj lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj, mus ntsib cov tuam tsev kos duab ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab nyob ze thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv kom pom tias puas muaj cov khoom tso tawm. Ob peb lub nroog uas muaj npe zoo muaj cov ncig saib online thiab kev yees duab zoo ntawm lawv cov duab.
